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101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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SIZE WATER REQUIREMENT ABILITY TO MANUFACTURE FOOD HABITAT LIFESPAN BODY APPEARANCE |
Through natural selection, plant phyla can be classified as... 1-6 |
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SIZE |
This says that plants can be microscopic or macroscopic |
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XEROPHYTES |
Type of plants that have minimal water requirement |
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MESOPHYTES |
Plants that can survive on moderate amount of water |
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HYDROPHYTES |
Plants that need continuous supply of water |
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AUTOTROPHS |
Plants that make their own food |
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HETEROTROPHS |
Plants that depend on the environment obtain food |
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Aquatic, Terrestrial, and Aerial |
3 types of plant habitats |
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Aquatic |
Plants that live in/on water |
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TERRESTRIAL |
Plants that live on the ground |
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AERIAL |
Plants that live hanging from walls or tall objects |
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ANNUALS |
Plants that have one year lifespan Examples are beans, tomatoes, and peas |
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BIENNIALS |
Plants that have a two-year life cycle Examples are carrots, and bulbs |
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PERENNIALS |
Plants that mature every year as it grows older Examples are trees |
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Trees, shrubs, herbs, and vines |
Name four types of body appearances of plants |
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Vascular and Non-Vascular Plants |
According to the Linnaean Classification, plants can be classified into 2 types |
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Non-Vascular plants |
No xylem and phloem "Amphibians of the plant world" |
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Bryophytes |
Other name for Non-vascular plants |
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Mosses, liverworts, and hornworts |
3 types of Bryophytes |
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VASCULAR plants |
Have true xylem and phloem |
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TRACHEOPHYTES |
Other name for VASCULAR plants |
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FERNS GYMNOSPERMS ANGIOSPERMS |
3 types of vascular plants |
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FERNS |
-Aka PTERIDOPHYTA or FILICINOPHYTA -Has sori, curled crosiers and rhizome roots |
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SORI |
Part of a fern that have matured fronds that produce spores |
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GYMNOSPERMS |
-AKA Cone Bearers -Have naked seeds/ not enclosed in fruits -cone is the main reproductive structure |
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Conifers/CONIPHEROPHYTA |
Type of Gymnosperm -smaller cones |
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Cycads/CYCADOPHYTA |
Type of Gymnosperm -larger cones |
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GINGKOPHYTA / gingko biloba |
Type of Gymnosperm -have seeds hanging from branches |
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ANGIOSPERMS |
Flower bearers/vessel seeds -w/ flower, fruit and cotyledon -reproduce thru seeds in flowers |
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FRUITS |
Ripened plant ovary |
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MONOCOT |
Type of Angiosperm -Parallel leaf veins -petals w/ multiples of 3 -scattered vascular bundles |
HAS ONE COTYLEDON |
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DICOTS |
Type of Angiosperm -Net-like veins in leaves -Petals w/ multiples of 4-5 -Ringed vascular bundles |
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PORIFERA |
Aka pore bearers ✓Simplest, most primitive ✓can be Sessile or a Filter feeder ✓asymmetrical |
Sponges |
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SESSILE |
Characteristic of Porifera that describes them as non-motile, and are attached to rocks and shells |
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Body, Spicules, and Amoebocytes |
Body structure of a PORIFERA |
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BODY/ SPONGIN |
Porifera body structure that is composed of 2 layers of cells of collagen fibers |
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SPICULES |
Porifera body structure that is composed of silicon-based crystals Aka Skeleton |
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AMOEBOCYTES |
Porifera body structure that is the jelly material Aka Middle layer |
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CNIDARIA |
"Marine stingers" ✓ aka Coelenterates ✓has 2 layers of ectoderm and endoderm ✓has nerve network
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TENTACLES/STINGING CELLS/ NEMATOCYSTS |
Capsule of Cnidaria containing thin, coiled, harpoon-shaped tubules with poisonous barb at one end |
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POLYP and MEDUSA |
2 basic forms of CNIDARIA |
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POLYP |
Form of Cnidaria ✓cylindrical tube, w/ mouth and tentacles facing upward |
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MEDUSA |
Form of Cnidaria ✓umbrella-shaped, with mouth and tentacles facing down |
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True |
T/F Cnidaria has incomplete gastrovascular cavity |
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TRUE |
T/F Excretion in Cnidaria is through diffusion via Body walls |
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TRUE |
T/F Cnidaria have no hearts nor brains but have nerve nets |
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MOLLUSCA |
✓Soft, unsegmented body, w/ strong muscular foot on it's ventral surface and w/ outer shell covering ✓Some have gills ✓Bilateral symmetry |
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Radial/ Spoke-like |
Symmetry of Cnidaria |
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RADULA |
Feeding organ of Mollusca |
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MANTLE |
The tissue covering of Mollusca for protection |
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ARTHROPODA |
AKA Jointed Foot ✓1 foot always has another pair ✓Segmented body ✓paired jointed appendage ✓exoskeleton is made out of chitin |
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Head, Abdomen and Thorax |
Arthropoda's bodies are commonly divided into 3 parts... |
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BILATERAL |
Symmetry of Arthropoda |
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FALSE |
T/F Arthropoda does not have open circulatory systems, and complex central nervous system |
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TRUE |
T/F Arachnids, insects, crustaceans and centipedes are examples of Arthropoda |
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ECHINODERMATA |
AKA Spiny Marines ✓slow moving ✓spiny surface skin, has internal skeleton and calcium-rich interlocking plates |
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RADIAL |
Echinodermata, when in MATURE form displays what kind of symmetry? |
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BILATERAL |
Echinodermata, when in LARVAE form displays what kind of symmetry? |
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TRUE |
T/F Echinodermata can regenerate |
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True |
T/F Echinodermata have complete digestive system |
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True |
T/F Echinodermata have water vascular systems, respiratory system, with simple excretory system and with nerve roots |
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NEMATODA |
AKA "roundworms" ✓Long, smooth, cylindrical, and segmented body, tapered at both ends and covered by cuticle ✓parasitic |
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ECTODERM, MESODERM, and ENDODERM |
Nematoda have three body layers namely... |
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BILATERAL or ANTEROPOSTERIOR |
Symmetry for nematoda |
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TRUE |
T/f : Nematoda have complete digestive system, & excretory system, but absent circulatory and respiratory system |
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Pinworms and hookworms |
Examples of Nematoda |
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ANNELIDA |
AKA Segmented worms -Reproduce via fragmentation - have CLITELLUM (reproduction support) -bilateral symmetry Ex. Earthworm, leech.. |
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PLATYHELMINTHES |
AKA Flatworms ✓flat body, unsegmented, no cavity ✓3 layers same as NEMATODES ✓Bilateral, has definite head and tail ✓hermaphrodite |
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CHORDATA |
AKA Vertebrates -have spinal cord -post anal tail and pharyngeal slits -Bilateral |
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CHORDATA |
Only animal phyla that has developed organ system |
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Amphibians, Reptiles, Mammals, Birds, Fish... |
Examples of Chordata |
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TAXONOMY |
-Science of naming and classifying organisms -Coined by Carolus Linnaeus |
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BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE |
System that gives a species a 2 part scientific name -composed of Genus in capital, and species in lowercase |
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Eubacteria Archeabacteria Eukaryote |
3 main Domains of Linnaean Classification |
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MONERA PROTISTA FUNGI PLANTAE ANIMALIA |
5 Kingdoms accdg to Linnaean Classification |
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KINGDOM PHYLUM CLASS ORDER FAMILY GENUS SPECIES |
Linnaean Classification ranks (Krispy Pried Chicken Over Fine Gravy Sauce) |
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MONERA |
-Only prokaryotic kingdom -unicellular & colonial -ex. Eubacteria and Cyanobacteria |
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PROTISTA |
-both uni and multicellular - a/sexual reproduction -have cilia and flagella -can be pathogenic Ex. Amoeba, paramecium, slime mold, euglena |
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FUNGI |
-haploid and dikaryotic/binucleate cells -multicellular -HETEROTROPHIC mainly SAPROPHYTIC |
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Zygomycota, Oomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Deuteromycota |
5 phyla of Fungi |
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ZYGOMYCOTA |
Fungi Phyla: Bread molds |
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ASCOMYCOTA |
Fungi Phyla: Sac Fungi |
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OOMYCOTA |
Fungi Phyla: Water molds |
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BASIDIOMYCOTA |
Fungi Phyla: Club Fungi |
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DEUTEROMYCOTA |
Fungi Phyla: Fungi Inperfecti |
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PLANTAE |
-Multicellular & eukaryotic -capable of photosynthesis, w/ tough and rigid cell walls |
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ANIMALIA |
-Multicellular, w/o cell walls - no photosynthetic pigments -forming diploid blastula |
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PHYLUM |
It is a rank in Linn. Classification: ✓Physical similarities among organisms in a kingdom ✓having common ancestry |
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CLASS |
It is a rank in Linn. Classification: ✓way to further subdivide organisms in a Phylum |
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ORDER |
It is a rank in Linn. Classification: ✓a taxonomy key is used to determine to which ___ an organism belongs. |
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FAMILY |
It is a rank in Linn. Classification: ✓share so much in common, related to each other |
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GENUS |
It is a rank in Linn. Classification: ✓generic name for an organism ✓ determines the first name in binomial nomenclature |
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SPECIES |
It is a rank in Linn. Classification: ✓lowest and most strict level of classification ✓main criterion is ability to breed (interbreeding) |
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Domain: Eukaryotic Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mamalia Order: Primate Family: HOMOnidae Genus: Homo Species: Homo sapiens |
Linnaean Classification of humans |
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CLADOGRAM |
✓Used in cladistics ✓AKA phylogenic tree ✓uses homologous structures to show relationship of organisms w/o regards to Linnaean ranks |
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BRANCH
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Number 1 Lineages of an organism -When a new trait arises that sets the organisms apart from the rest of the clade |
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NODE |
Number 2 - Speciation is the hypothetical lasts ancestral interbreeding population of the taxon labelled at the TIP of the cladogram |
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ROOT |
Number 3 Signifies common ancestor |
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OUTGROUP |
Related to the root of the organism but not as closely related to the other terminal nodes |
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SISTER GROUPS/SPECIES |
Closest relatives in each node |
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CLADISTICS |
a system of biological taxonomy that defines taxa uniquely by shared characteristics not found in ancestral groups and uses inferred evolutionary relationships to arrange taxa in a branching hierarchy such that all members of a given taxon have the same ancestors |
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