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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are autosomes? How many autosome pairs do humans have? |
Autosomes are chomosomes that are not directly involved in determining the sex of an organism. i.e Not X or Y. |
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What are sex chromosomes? How many sex chromosome pairs do humans have? |
Sex chromosomes are chromosomes that are directly involved in determining the sex of an organism. (i.e X or Y) Humans have 1 pair of sex chromosomes. Equal to 2. |
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What are homologous chromosomes? How many homologous pairs do humans have? |
Homologous chromosomes are a pair of chromosomes, on inherited from the mother and one from the father that carry allelles for the same genes. |
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Define mitosis and state its function. |
The division of a single nucleus into two genetically identical daughter nuclei. For growth, repair and maintenance. |
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Why do chromosomes duplicate? |
Chromosomes duplicate so that when the cell reproduces into daughter cells, each daughter cell will have a copy of the genetic information. |
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What stage of mitosis do chromosomes duplicate. |
Cells duplicate during interphase. Specifically in the S phase. |
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How many chromosomes does mitosis result in? |
2n |
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Define meiosis and state its function. |
Meiosis is the process of cell division that produces haploid gametes from diploid cells within the reproductive system. To make gametes. |
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When does chromosome duplication occur in meiosis? |
During interphase before meiosis. |
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Describe the process of mitosis. |
A parent cell undergoes one set of chromosome duplication and divides into two daughter cells (2n) |
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Describe the process of meiosis. |
A parent cell undergoes one set of chromosome duplication and divides into four haploid daughter cells. n. |
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What are sister chromatids? Describe the difference between sister chromatids that are joined and seperated. |
One of the two identical parts of a duplicated chromosome. |
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What does sexual reproduction involve?
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The creation of genetically distinct offspring by the fusion of two haploid sex cells (gametes, sperm and egg) forming a diploid zygote. |
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Define alleles. |
An alternative form of a gene. |
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Define the term dominant. |
In a heterozygote, the allele that determines the phenotype with respect to a particular gene. Will always be expressed. |
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Define the term recessive. |
In a heterozygote, the allele that has no noticeable effect on the phenotype. |
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Define P/ P generation |
The parent individuals from which offspring are derived from in studies of inheritance. (parental) |
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Define F1 generation. |
The offspring of two parental (P generation) individuals. First filial. |
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Define F2 Generation. |
The offspring of the F1 generation individuals. Second Filial. |
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Define hybrid. |
The offspring of parents that differ in one or more inherited traits, e.g an individual that is heterozygous for one or more pair of genes. |
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Define true breeders. |
An organism that always passes down a certain phenotypic trait to its offspring. |
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Define homozygous.
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Having two identical alleles for a given gene. |
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Define heterozygous. |
Having two different alleles for a given gene. |
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Define monohybrid cross.
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A mating of individuals differing at one genetic locus. (Locus - the site where a gene is found on a chromosome.) |
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Define punnet square. |
A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the result of random fertilization. |
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Draw the cell cycle and label. |
refer to book |
