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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Durham-Humphrey Amendment |
-1951 -distinction between prescription and OTC drugs |
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Drug Courts |
-prevention strategy -substance abuse treatment -incentives -sanctions -places non-violent drug defendants in judicially supervised rehab programs |
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1970 Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act |
-replaced previous laws -categorized drugs based on abuse and addiction potential, as well as therapeutic value |
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Regulatory steps for new prescription drugs |
1) preclinical research and development 2) clinical research and development 3) permission to market |
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antihistamine |
-CNS depressant -often present in allergy medicine or OTC sleep aids |
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Barbiturates |
-CNS depressant -less safe then benzodiazepines |
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Sedative effect |
-when used at low doses, CNS depressants have this effect on people -they relieve anxiety and promote relaxation |
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Detoxification |
-elimination of a toxic substance, such as a drug, and its effects |
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Social Influence Theory |
-drug use is learned behavior during intimate interaction with others |
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Habituation |
-has occurred when one repeats a behavior to the point of it becoming commonplace |
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Illegal instrumental use |
-when an individual takes non-prescribed drugs to achieve a task or goal |
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compulsive user |
-individual who devotes considerable time and energy into getting high -talk incessantly about drug use -becomes a connoisseur of street drugs |
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Moral model of addiction |
-holds the belief that people abuse drugs and alcohol because they choose to |
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Excitatory synapse |
-initiates an impulse in the receiving neuron when stimulated -causes release of neurotransmitters or an increasing activity in the target cell |
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Limbic system |
-the region of the brain that helps regulate mood, mental states and established behaviors |
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Agonists |
-substances that stimulate receptors |
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Reverse Tolerance |
-phenomenon where you have the same response to a lower dose of a drug as you initially did to the original higher dose |
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Toxicity |
-capacity of a drug to do damage or cause adverse effects in the body |
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Threshold Dose |
-the minimum amount of the drug needed to have an effect |
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The most common and convenient way of administering drugs |
Oral Ingestion |
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Margin of Safety |
-the range in dose in between a therapeutic effect and a toxic effect |
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The 3 types of inhalants |
-Volatile (ex: Aerosols) -Anesthetics (ex: Nitrous Oxide) -Nitrates (ex: amyl nitrite) |
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Antipyretics |
-drugs that reduce fevers |
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Proprietary Drug |
-A drug w/ a brand or trademark that is registered with the US Patent Office |
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Antitussives |
-inhibit the ability to cough |
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The main reason why patients with HIV, anorexia, chemotherapy, and radiation are prescribed medical marijuana |
Appetite stimulation (the munchies) |
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The primary mind-altering ingredient in marijuana |
THC |
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Anandamide |
-neurotransmitter -binds to the cannabinoid receptor -also naturally found in our bodies |
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Gateway Drug |
-The idea that drugs, such as marijuana, often lead to the use of more addictive drugs |
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Amotivational Syndrome |
A belief that marijuana causes: -poor short-term memory -difficulty concentrating -apathy -general disinterest in pursuing goals |
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PCP |
-the most dangerous hallucinogen -propensity to engage in violent behavior -delirium -manic states -leasing up to 18 hours |
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Caffeine Classification |
Xanthine |
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Binge Stage |
-stage of high-dose stimulant use -user may be awake for 3-15 days -addict is trying to maintain their high for as long as possible -continual drug use -leads to extended mental and physical hyperactivity |
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MDMA |
-club drug -cross between a psychedelic hallucinogen and an amphetamine stimulant |
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Synesthesia |
-when one experiences a sensation or image of a sense rather than the one being stimulated |
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Guidelines to avoid prescribed opioid abuse (7) |
-use the analgesics when pain severity warrants -dose and duration of use should be as little as possible -store medication securely to prevent theft -do not share -patients should be screened for abuse risk -patients should be educated -if abuse is suspected, the clinician should speak with the patient |
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Analgesic means _______ |
painkiller |
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Physical dependance and severe tolerance to opioid narcotics is generally expressed when the drugs are used for __________ |
2-4 weeks |
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Speedballing |
When heroin is combined w/ cocaine |
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Narcotic |
-naturally occurring substance derived from the opium poppy and their synthetic substitutes |
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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome |
-condition affecting children born to alcohol-consuming mothers characterized by: -facial deformities -growth deficiency -mental retardation
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Alcohol leads to unrestrained behavior, which is known as ________ |
-Disinhibition |
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3 main reasons women react to alcohol differently than men |
1) Less able to metabolize alcohol (less of the metabolizing enzyme in the liver) 2) Women absorb the alcohol quicker (due to higher % of body fat) 3) Smaller body size |
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Blood Alcohol Content |
Depends on: -the presence of food in the stomach -rate of alcohol consumption -concentration of alcohol -drinker's body composition |
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Malnutrition |
-common occurrence in severe alcoholism -caused by a reduced caloric intake and diminished consumption of essential nutrients |
