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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the major locations of the body fluids?
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extracellular compartment (plasma and interstitial fluid) and intracellular compartment
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What percentage of the total volume of the body is in fluid?
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60%
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What percentage is in each compartment?
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plasma-4% IF-16% ICF-40%
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What factors influence the total body water?
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total body weight- the more a person weighs the more water body contains/ Fat content of body, the more fat the less water present/ Sex- less in females more in males/ Age: higher percentage of water in infants
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What factors influence fluid intake?
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thirst, habit, sociological factors
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What factors influence fluid output?
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adjusts to fluid intake:relation between glomerular filtration rate anti tubular re-absorption rate/ re-absorption rate/ADH-anti diuretic hormone/sodium re-absorption-influences water re-absorption
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Dehydration-
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excessive loss of body water; fluid intake not sufficient to make up for fluid loss, diarrhea,hemorrhage, gastrointestinal drainage
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Overhydration-
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excess fluid in the body; giving intravenous fluids too rapidly into large amounts, kidney failure, prolonged hypoventilation
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What is the bodies most important mechanism for maintaining fluid balance?
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the adjustment of fluid output to equal fluid intake
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What are electrolytes?
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compounds that dissociate (break-up) in solution into electrically charged particles known as ions
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List the important anions of the body
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chloride (CI-) bicarbonate (HCO3-),phosphate (HPO4-)
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List the important cations of the body
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sodium (Na) calcium (Ca),potassium (K) ,magnesium (Mg)
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What are diuretics?/How do they function?
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stimulate the production of urine-act on kidney tubules to change permeability and effect concentrations of electrolytes and re-absorption of water
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What are the three main factors that influence extracellular and intracellular fluid volume?
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capillary blood pressure (hydrostatic blood pressure)/ colloid osmotic pressure (onotic pressure)/ crystalloid osmotic pressure (electrolyte concentration)
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What is the major cation of the ECF?
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sodium
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What is the major cation of the ICF?
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potassium
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What factors are involved in sodium regulation?
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ingestion control by regulatory and hedonistic components of sodium appetite excretion control by sodium re-absorption from renal tubules influence by aldosterone
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What factors are involved in potassium regulation?
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ingestion and excretion normally in balance - aldosterone enhances potassium secretion
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