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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Acid Rain
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-type of air pollution.
-co2 and global climate effects -ozone layer decreases |
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altruism
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-individuals put themselves at risk for the benefit of the species
-type of animal behavior -all humans have 3% similarity -based on contingency basis, most likely to sacrifice self for parents |
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CFC's
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-Chlorofluorocarbons - depletion of the ozone layer
-organic compound that contains carbon, chlorine, and fluorine -derivative of methane and ethane. |
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Ecological scales
4 types |
1)organism
2)population 3)community 4)ecosystem |
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organism
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a single individual of a single species
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population
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individuals of the same species living in the same geographical area
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community
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- 2 or more populations living in the same geographical area
-apart of the ecological scale |
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ecosystem
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comprising the community, together with its physical environment
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ecology - interactions
3 types |
1)predator - prey
2)symbiosis 3)competition |
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predator-prey
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predator/prey - promote features to facilitate prey capture
offensive/defensive characteristics -eyesight, hearing, speed, sense of smell, strength |
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symbiosis
3 types |
1)mutualism (+,+)
2)commensalism(+,0) 3)parasitism (+,-) organisms living together. how they coexist |
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mutualism
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both species benefit from the association
(+,+) clown fish, anemone |
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commensalism
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-type of symbiosis
(+, 0) relationship one species benefits, the other is unaffected -remora sucker fish/ shark |
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parasitism
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-one species benefits and the other is harmed
-parasite - host (+,-) -humans and parasites -tape worms |
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competition
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(-,-) both species are harmed by this association
-lion and hyena - lions jaws designed to eat hyena heads |
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competitive exclusion
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gause hypothesis
-no two species can occupy the same ecological space (niche) simultaneously |
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decomposer
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-one of the primary consumers who eat primary producers
-worms |
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trophic levels
5 types |
1)primary producers
2)primary consumers 3)secondary consumers 4)tertiary consumers 5)quaternary consumers |
forms a hierarchy of feeding relationships
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intraspecific
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produced, occurring, or existing within a species or between individuals of a single species
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altruistic behaviors
human to human |
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niche
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sum total of all the ways an organism utilizes the resources of the environment
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notes!
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pollination
1)obligate - pollinate self 2)facilitate - self/cross pollinate 3)cross pollinate - other plants |
transfer of male part (pollen) to female part (carpel)
-pollen contains sperm, carpel contains egg -results in fertilization |
-increases genetic variation
-but still need to protect pollinators from eating them -mutualism between plants/animals |
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resource partitioning
-via character displacement |
-consequence of competition
evolutionary change in species in response to selection pressures generated by interspecific competition. |
notes!
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desertification
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-conversion of grassland or woodlands to desertlike conditions
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signal receiver
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-plant and animal interaction
1)primary(initial) signal - visual/chemical cue 2)secondary signal - visual/ and or tactile cue |
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biosphere
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continuous band of water, land and atmosphere
- where life on planet earth is found -Everything else inside and outside is dead -That is why our affects is so big, only 14 miles of life |
realm in which all biological evolution occurs
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3 major ecosystems
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1)atmosphere
2)hydrosphere 3)lithosphere |
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communication (review lecture)
how purpose |
1)morphologically
2)physiologically 3)chemically 4)behaviorally |
1)social interaction
2)sexual interaction 3)defense |
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carrying capacity
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number of individuals that can be supported in an area based on the amount of resources available
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population growth will exponentially grow until carrying capacity is reached
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types of behavior
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1)instinctive
2)learned |
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instinctive behavior
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-genetically inbred
-response to one or more cues leads to a specific programmed response (fixed action pattern) -reflexive reaction |
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learned behavior
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-genetic component and environmental component
-babies sucking, chimps grabbing moms neck -leads to variable response |
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energy pyramid
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-about 10% of energy is transferred from one level to the next
-loss of a lot of heat |
-consumers forced to eat/sleep alot
-stomach's absorb more - also eat low - berries veggies |
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detritivore
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type of primary consumer who eat primary producer
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primary consumers
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-herbivores
-decomposer -detrivore |
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food chain
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-Linear sequence of feeding relationships.
-However, Species D can also eat species B -In real life there is no such thing as a food chain |
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food web
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-multi linkage feeding interactions
-We eat all over the place |
-most communities only have 3-5 trophic levels
-because energy flow sucks 10% |
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interspecific
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between a species
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sign stimuli
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instinctive behavior
-response to one or more cues that leads to programmed response (fixed action patter) |
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biogeography
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-geographical distribution of plants and animals
-ecology - where are they, how many, and why? |
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biome
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a large naturally occurring community of flora and fauna occupying a major habitat,
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climax community
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biological community of plants and animals which, through the process of ecological succession — the development of vegetation in an area over time — has reached a steady state.state of equilibrium
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character displacement
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two species occupying the same space and specializing to eachothers presence
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genetic investment
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-genetic investment in instinctive behaviors
-behaviors that enhance survival |
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logistic growth
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-type of competition
-a population grows slowly, then increases rapidly until it reaches carrying capacity and levels off. |
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mimicry
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individuals imitating one another
-bisexual orchid |
-male bee copulates
-removes pollen sac from bee, is delivered to stigma of the orchid |
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metabolism
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-sum total of all the chemical reactions in an organism
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-anabolism - small to large
-catabolism - large to small |
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primary productivity
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efficacy of the primary producers in an ecosystem
-primary producers converting potential chemical energy into usable energy |
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succession
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natural progression of a community
-species gradually shifting overtime, species changing the environment and the environment changing the species |
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territory
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living area and resources that an organism uses
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