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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the causative agent of gonnorhea? |
neisseria gonorrhaoeae |
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what type of bacteria? |
gram negative diplococcus |
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how it is transmitted? |
mucous membranes
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how do you diagnose gonorrhea? |
-nucleic acid amplification testing:PCR -culture of urethral or cervical swabs:less sensitive, very specific |
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what is gonorrhea treatment? |
-cefixime, ceftriaxone -azithromycin if beta lactam allergic reaction -ciprofloxcin resistance common |
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causative agent of chlamydia? |
chlamydia trachomatis, different serotypes exist |
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can you gram stain chlamydia? |
no, there is no cell wall -requires culture instead or molecular amplification testing |
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how is it transmitted? |
sex contact, perinatally, direct contact to conjunctiva |
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What is the chlamydia lifecycle? |
complex, involved 2 alternating forms. -reticulate body and elementary body |
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what is reticulate body? |
–reticulatebody: actively replicating form found within cells •Whenmature, it causes cell rupture and fragments into many elementary bodies –elementarybody: inert infectious form found on the surface of cells, invades cells.Transmitted form. •Onentering cells, develops into the reticulate body |
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what does the chlamydia virus infect? |
urethral, cervial, conjunctival, epithelial cells |
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complications of chlamydia? |
-urethritis, cervicitis -epididymitis -PID: ectopic pregnancy sterility -procititis -reiters syndrome -conjunctivitis |
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how do you get a chlamydia specimen in men? |
urine sample, urethral swab (not common) |
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chlamydia specimen for women? |
vaginal swab, urine, endocervical swabs |
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how to you diagnose chalmydia? |
–Nucleicacid amplification, various methods are commercially available–Oldermethods are obsolete and should not be used |
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how do you treat chlamydia? |
–contacttracing by Public Health Services –erythromycin,doxycycline, or azithromycin |
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causative agent of syphilis? |
treponema pallidum |
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what type of organism is syphilis? |
spirochaaete -cannot gram stain, use reflected light instead -cannot culture |
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how is syphilis transmitted? |
sexual contact, transplacentally |
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whats primary syphilis? |
•(localized) –Producesa chancre (painless ulceration) –Presents1-4 weeks post infectious contact –Healsspontaneously within weeks |
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secondary syphilis? |
skin rash flu like illness |
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latent infection of syphilis? |
asymptomatic |
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tertiary syphilis? |
-late –Cardiovascular(heart failure) and neurological (dementia, seizures, paralysis –Gumma(late cutaneous, bony, or visceral masses) Congenital –(bone,teeth, brain damage) |
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how to diagnose for syphilis? |
•Dark field microscopy –primarydisease only, high volume areas –Usedon primary chancre •Nonspecific tests (Non treponemal tests) –VDRL(Venereal Disease Research Laboratory) –RPR(Rapid Plasma Reagin) •Specific tests (Treponemal tests) –EIAis often used as a first test –TPPA(T.pallidumparticleagglutination test) confirmatory –Usedwith non specific tests, either first or second in order •PCR for T. pallidum is beginning to become available |
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how do you treat syphilis? |
penicillin -tetracycline if allergic |
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herpes virus type and structure? |
•Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1or 2 •Linear double-stranded DNA virus, –Neurotropic- invades nerves and becomes dormant (latent) within them, regrowth givesreactivation of infection |
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how is it transmitted? |
•Prevalence of antibody increaseswith age and correlates with number of partners•Seroprevalence studies of HSV-2: 20-80% haveantibodies •Transmitted through close contactwith person shedding virus |
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symptoms of primary herpes infection |
–fever,headache, malaise, myalgia–painfullesions on genitalia –dysuria(males: 44%, females: 88%) –vaginalor urethral discharge –tenderinguinal adenopathy(nodes) |
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symptoms of recurrent infection of herpes? |
less severe than primary -localized to genitals -half of people have tingling and pain (prodromal symptoms_ |
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whats a latent infection in herpes? |
shedding of virus without any lesions |
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congenital herpes? |
can be very severe -localixed, in CNS |
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how to diagnose herpes? |
nucleic acid amplification, PCR -culture on cells |
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treatment |
–antivirals(acyclovir, valaciclovir, famciclovir) –longterm prophylaxis may be necessary in frequently recurrent disease |
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what causes genital warts? |
human papillomavirus -you get it from direct contact -some serotypes can cause cancer, vaccines can prevent that |
