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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Normal Flora of the Genital Tract
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• Women: vagina is heavily colonized;
normal flora change with levels of estrogens • Men: external parts are colonized with skin bacteria |
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Candida albicans (p. 779-787)
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• Seen as yeast forms with budding or conidia
• Part of the normal vaginal flora in many women – Opportunist seen during local/temporary immunosuppression – Occasional exogenous spread • Diagnosis: KOH staining, germ tube formation in serum • Treatment: antifungal drugs (prescription or OTC) |
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Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (Candida albicans)
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Symptoms: Itching, burning, thick white vaginal discharge, redness, swelling
Pathogenesis: Inflammatory response to overgrowth of yeast which are often present among the normal flora Treatment: antifungal |
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae (p. 315-320)
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• GNC in pairs; doesn’t survive well outside
host; frank pathogen • May be carried in genital tract, nasopharynx, and anus • Can have capsule, pili, endotoxin, IgA protease • Seen as purulent discharge within 2-5 days of infection • Men: urethral discharge, pain on urination • Women: often asymptomatic but can pass to fetus; can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), chronic pelvic pain, and/or infertility • Children: ophthalmia neonatorum characterized by sticky discharge • Diagnosed by oxidase positive GNC from discharge (Note: normal vaginal flora also present) • Increasing antibiotic resistance; usual choice is penicillin or -lactamase stable cephalosporin |
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Gonorrhea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae)
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Symptoms: Men: no symptoms pain on urination, discharge, impared urinary flow, sterility, arthritis
Women: no symptoms, pain on urination, discharge, fever, pelvic pain, sterility, ectopic pregnancy, arthritis Pathogenesis: organisms attach to certain non-ciliated epithelial cells by pili Treatment: intramuscular ceftriaxone, fluoroquinalones |
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Chlamydia trachomatis
(p. 464-470) |
• Serotypes A, B, and C cause the serious eye
infection trachoma • Serotypes D-K cause genital infection and associated ocular and respiratory infections • Serotypes L1, L2, and L3 cause systemic disease lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) • Small, GNR with no peptidoglycan (poor staining); obligate intracellular parasite – Prevents fusion of phagosome with lysosome • Mucopurulent discharge in men; women may be asymptomatic • Enter cells and prevent lysosome fusion; elementary bodies (EB) differentiate to reticulate bodies (RB) which then produce new EB which are released • Diagnosed by cell culture (inclusion bodies), detection of antigen, FA test • Most common diagnosed bacterial STI in US • Treated with tetracycline or macrolide or sulfa drug • LGV: primary lesion is an ulcerating papule at infection site, then spreads to draining lymph node – Chlamydiae can then disseminate to other parts of the body – Abscesses may form in lymph nodes or can get granuloma formation |
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Chlamydial Genetal System Infections
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Symptoms: Men: gray-white discharge, painful testes
Women: vaginal discharge or bleeding, abdominal pain Pathogenesis: EB attaches to specific receptors on the epithelial cell causing endocytosis; transforms to RB in the endocytic vacuole Treatment: azithromycin |
