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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is normal urine output?
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> 1 mL/kg per hour
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What is the 4-2-1 rule of fluid maintenance?
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4 ml/Kg for first 10 kg
2 ml/Kg for second 10 kg 1 ml/Kg for every Kg over 20 |
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What effect does 1 unit PRBCs have on Hb and Hct?
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increased Hb by 1 unit
increased Hct by 3 units |
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Normal sodium
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135-145
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Normal calcium
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8.5-10.5
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normal potassium
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3.5-5
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What is the relationship between albumin and calcium?
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Most Ca bound to albumin.
For every 1 albumin lost, Ca goes down by 0.8 |
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Which electrolyte disburbances cause a prolonged QT?
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hypocalcemia
hypomagnesemia Hypokalemia |
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What are the acid-base results of diarrhea/vomitting?
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increased plasma HCO3- --> prox renal tubule cant absorb excess HCO3- --> excess HCO3- excreted along with partner anion Potassium --> HYPOKALEMIA
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What acid-base disorders caused by salicylate overdose?
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Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis |
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What are the EKG changes seen in hyperkalemia and hypermagnesemia?
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Prolonged PR interval
Widened QRS complex Elevated T waves |
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Where is most of the body magnesium?
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the bones
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What is the most common cause of hypomagnesemia?
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Malabsorption/steatorrheic states
d/t most of the dietary magnesium is absorbed in the GI tract |
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What is the effect of hypomagnesemia on calcium?
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Coexisting hypocalcemia because low Mg decreases release of PTH and causes bone resistance to PTH
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What is the primary control of phosphate absorption?
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VD controls phosphorous absorption in the GI tract
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Normal phosphate
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3-4.5
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What are the 2 most common causes of severe hypo-phosphatemia?
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Alcohol abuse
DKA |
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TX for Addison's disease?
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cortisol
flludrocortisone to replace missing aldosterone |
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native valve endocarditis (subacute)
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S. viridans
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asthma exacerbation with FEV1 < 50%. what is the TX?
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Inahled B-agonist
Anti-cholingeric medicine by nebulizer IV corticosteroids O2 |
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Schizophrenia TX that causes hyperprolactinomeia
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Risperidone
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TX for acute pylonephritis
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Ciprofloxacin
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Which pneumothoraces only require O2 and observation
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those <15%
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Which test do you do before starting Crohn's patient on Infliximab?
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TB- PPD
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Symptoms of alcohol-withdrawal?
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Delirium-tremor
Agitation |
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MEN IIA
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Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Pheochromocytoma Parathyroid |
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MEN IIB
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Medullay Thyroid Carcinoma
Pheochromocytoma Mucosal/GI neuromas |
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Nonproliferative retinopathy chracterized by
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Micro-aneurysms
Dot hemmorhages cotton wool spots (small infarcts) |
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Proliferative retinopahy
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DM 1
vitreous hemmorrages retinal detachment |
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recommended screening test to tell primary or secondary AI?
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cosyntropin
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What is the effect on cholesterol of nephrotic syndrome?
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Increased cholesterol d/t liver ramping up production of proteins
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What is the triad of pyleonephritis?
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Nause/vomiting
Costoverterbral angle tenderness Fever |
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TB prophylaxis
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Isoniazid and pyridoxine
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Painful thyroiditis
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Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis (de Quervain's): post URI
Acute infectious thyroidtiis |
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Which derm condition associated with celiac?
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Dermatitis herpatiformis
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Type IV renal tubuluar acidosis associated with?
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Decreased secretion of aldosterone
Hyperkalemia Acidic urine |
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Type 2 renal tubular acidosis
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increased urine bicarbonate
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Which Rental tubular acidcosis has hyperkalemia and acidic urine?
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IV
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Which leukemia presents with generalized painless lymphadenopathy?
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CLL
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TX for symptomatic CLL
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Chlorambucil
Fludarabine |
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TX for breast and ovarian cancer?
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Paclitaxel
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How does CML present?
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Constitutional symptoms
Abdominal fullness d/t hepato-splenomegaly |
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Which derm condition associated with DM?
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Acanthosis nigricans
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Whats the most common cause of diastolic dysfunction?
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Hypertensive heart
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What distinguishes Hodgkin's from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?
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Hodgkins: presence of inflammatory cell infiltrates reactive to Reed Sternberg cells.
- Neoplastic large cells |
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Which lung cancer most assoc with finger clubbing?
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Adenocarcinoma
Peripheral Non-smokers |
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Solitary pulmonary nodule with "popcorn" calcification
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Hamartoma
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TX of S. aureus impetigo
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Mupirocin ointment
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TX of facial erythema caused by Rosacea
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Metronidazole
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Ampho B causes which type of RTA
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Type 1 (nephrotoxic)
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Type of liver tumor in women with long-term OC use
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Hepatoceullar adenoma
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Pel-Ebstein cyclic fevers - start at night and resolve by morning
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Hodgkin's disease
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What is pathognomic for Hodgkin's disease?
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Pain of involved lymph nodes following alcohol consumption
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What effect does sustained handgrip have in differenting MVP from HCM?
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Sustained handgrip increases systemic resistance --> decreased gradient across aoritc valve --> decreases intensity of HCM murmur
INCREaSES intensity of MVP |
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What electrolyte disturbance is caused by rhabdomyolysis
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Hyperkalemia
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Causes of increased anion gap metabolic acidosis
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Lactic acidosis
Ketoacidosis Salicylate poisoning Ethylene glycol Methyl alcohol (blindness) |
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What acid/base disorder caused by diuretics?
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Metabolic alkalosis and hypo-chloremia
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Which acid/base disorder seen in diabetics?
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Hyperkalemia
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