Step 2-Ethics

Front 1

res ipsa loquitur

Back 1

"the thing speaks for itself"=persons suffer injury caused by the negligent action of another party that would not have otherwise occurred

Front 2

plaintiff must prove

Back 2

1) defendant intentionally or negligently caused injuries to occur 2) suffering occurred as result

Front 3

vivarious liability

Back 3

someone liable for negligent actions of another person even though no direct involvement with injury

Front 4

volenti non fit injuria

Back 4

person knowingly placing himself at risk for danger cannot sue for resulting injuries

Front 5

Battery example

Back 5

doing a hysterectomy when only consented for appendectomy

Front 6

Breach of Duty

Back 6

deviation from "standard of care"

Front 7

Example level 3 evidence

Back 7

case control study, and retrospective cohort study

Front 8

prospective cohort study

Back 8

patient groups separately non-randomly by exposure/treatment with exposure occuring after initiation of the study

Front 9

example level 1 evidence

Back 9

Randomized controlled study

Front 10

example level 2 evidence

Back 10

prospective cohort study

Front 11

example level 4 evidence

Back 11

case series

Front 12

example level 5 evidence

Back 12

case report, personal observation

Front 13

negative predictive value

Back 13

prob patient with neg test doesn't have disease; true neg/(false neg+true neg)

Front 14

sensitivity

Back 14

prob screening test will be pos in patients with disease; true po/(true pos+False neg)

Front 15

secondary prevention

Back 15

aimed at early disease detection and increasing interventions to prevent progression; eg checking moles

Front 16

tertiary prevention

Back 16

reduce neg impact of already established disease by restoring fxn and reducing disease complications

Front 17

acceptable gifts from pharm reps

Back 17

food, medically related items (books, modest medical supplies, PDA programs)

Front 18

Grade A service evidence

Back 18

strong clinical data support-substantial benefits

Front 19

Grade B service evidence

Back 19

high certainty that net benefit is moderate or moderate certaintly that net benefit is moderate to substantial

Front 20

Grade C service evidence

Back 20

selectively offering/providing service to patients based on professional judgement and patient preferences; moderate certainty net benefit is small

Front 21

Grade D service evidence

Back 21

moderate/high certainty no benefit or that harm outweighs benefits

Front 22

Grade I service evidence

Back 22

current evidence insufficient to assess balance of benefits and harms

Front 23

COBRA

Back 23

consolidated omnibus budget reconciliation act; prevents ppl from suddenly losing health coverage when transitioning btwn jobs or when work hours are cut

Front 24

EMTALA

Back 24

Emergency Medical treatment and Active Labor Act; hospital provide ER services to ppl who need them regardless of ability to pay/status