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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Difference between RBBB and LBBB?
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WiLLiaM MaRRoW: W qrs pattern in V1-V2 and M qrs patern in V3-V6 for LBBB; M qrs pattern in V1-V2 and W pattern in V3-V6 for RBBB
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Management of A-Fib
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ABCD: Anticoagulate, B-Blockers, Cardiovert/Calcium Channel blockers, Digoxin
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Causes of A-Fib
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PIRATES: Pulmonary disease, Ischemia, Rheumatic heart disease, Anemia/Atrial myxoma, Thyrotoxicosis, Ethanol, Sepsis
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Causes of CHF
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HEART FAILED: Hypertension, Endocrine, Anemia, Rheumatic heart disease, Toxins, Failure to take meds, Arrhythmia, Infection, Lung (embolism), Electrolytes, Diet (excess Na+)
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Acute CHF management
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LMNOP: Lasix, Morphine, Nitrates, Oxygen, Pulmonary ventilation
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CABG Indications
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DUST: Depressed ventricular function, Unable to perform PCI (diffuse disease), Stenosis of left main coronary artery, Triple-vessel disease
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Hypertension Treatment
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ABCD: Ace-Is/Arbs, B-Blockers, Calcium Channel blockers, Diuretics
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Causes of Secondary Hypertension
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CHAPS: Cushing’s syndrome, Hyperaldosteronism, Aortic coarctation, Pheochromocytoma, Stenosis of renal arteries
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Pericarditis Signs
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PERIC: Pulsus paradoxus, ECG changes, Rub, Increased JVP, Chest pain
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Pericarditis Causes
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CARDIAC RIND: Collagen vascular disease, Aortic dissection Radiation, Drugs, Infections, Acute renal failure, Cardiac (MI), Rheumatic fever, Injury, Neoplasms, Dressler’s syndrome
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Aortic stenosis complications
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ASC: Angina, Syncope, Congestive Heart Failure
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Causes of Aortic Regurgitation
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CREAM: Congential, Rheumatic damage, Endocarditis, Aortic dissection, Aortic root dilatation, Marfan’s syndrome
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Classic Endocarditis Presentation
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FAME: Fever, Anemia (splenomegaly), Murmur (new onset), Emboli (systemic)
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Signs of Acute Ischemia
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6 Ps: Pain, Pallor, Pulselessness, Paralysis, Paresthesia, Poikilothermia
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Melanoma Signs
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ABCD: Asymmetric, Border (irregular), Color (irregular), Diameter (>6mm)
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Most Comon Thyroid Neoplasm
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Papillary: Papilae (branching), Palpable lymph nodes, “Pupil” nuclei (“Orphan Annie”), Psammoma bodies, Positive Prognosis
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MEN Organs
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Pancreas, Pituitary, Parthyroid
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Adrenal Crisis Management
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4 S’s: Salt (nl saline), Steriods (IV hydrocortisone 100 q8h), Support, Search for the underlying illness
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Pheochromocytoma: Rule of 10s
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10%: extra-adrenal, bilateral, malignant, children, familial
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Pheochromocytoma: 5 Ps
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Pressure (BO), Pain (headache), Perspiration, Palpitations, Pallor/diaphoresis
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Informed Consent Features
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BRAIN: Benefits Risks Alternatives Indications Nature
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4 D’s of malpractice
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Duty, Dereliction, Damage, Direct Cause
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PUD Complications
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HOPI: Hemorrhage, Obstruction, Perforation, Intractable pain
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Wilson’s Disease
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ABCD: Asterixis, Basal ganglia deterioration, Ceruloplasmin low, Cirrhosis, Copper up, Carciinoma (hepatocelluar), Choreiform movements, Dementia
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Ranson’s Criteria
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On Admission: GA LAW (Glucose >200, Age>55, Ldh>350, Ast>250, Wbc>16), C HOBBS (Ca<8, Hematocrit-down by 10%, PaO2<60, Base excess>4, Bun-up by 5, Sequestered fluid>6L)
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Signs of Platelet vs. Coag factor disfunction
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Petachiae suggest Platelets, body Cavity bleeding suggests Clotting factor
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Causes of Microcytic Anemia
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Thalassemia, Iron deficeincy, Chronic disease, Sideroblastic anemia
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Eosinophilia causes
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NAACP: Neoplasm Asthma Collagen vascular disease Parasites
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TB Drugs
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RIPE: Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol
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AIDS Pathogens
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The Major Pathogens Concerning Complete T-Cell Collapse: Toxoplasma, Mac, PCP, Candida, Cryptococcus, TB, Cmv, Cryptosporidium
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Common UTI bugs
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SEEKS PP: Serratia E.coli, Enterbacter, Klebsiella, S.saphrophyticus, Pseudomonas, Proteus
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Endocarditis Presentation
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JR=NO FAME: Janeway lesions, Roth;s spots, Nail-bed hemorrhage, Osler’s nodes, Fever, Admia, Murmur, Emboli
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Endocarditis Surgery Indications
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PUS RIVER: Prothetic valve, Uncontroleed infection, Suppurative local comlications with conduction abnormalities, Resection of mycotic anuerysm, Inefective abx, Vlvular damage, Embolization, Refractory CHF
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6 P’s of compartment syndrome
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Pain, Pallor, Paresthesias, Poikilothermia, Paralysis, Pulselessness
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Limp ddx
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Septic joint, Tumor, Avascular necrosis, Rheumatoid arthritis/JRA, Tuberculosis, Sickle Cell disease, SCFE, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, Psteomyelitis, Trauma, Toxic synovitis
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CREST syndrome
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Calcinosis, Raynaud’s, Esophageal dysmotility, Sclerodactyly, Telangiectasisas
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SLE Criteria
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DOPAMINE RASH: Discoid rash, Oral ulcers, Photosensativity, Arthritis, Malar rash, Immunologic criteria, Nuerologic symptoms, Elevated ESR Renal disease, ANA+, Serositis, Hematologic abnormalities
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4 D’s of posterior circulation stroke
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Diploplia, Dizziness, Dysphagia, Dysarthira
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MS Treatment
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ABC: Avonex/Rebif, Betaseron, Copaxone
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Guillain-Barre features
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Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy, Ascending paralysis, Autonomic neuropathy, Arrhythmias, Albumionocytologic dissociation
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Dementia 5 A’s
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Aphasia AMnesia Agnosia Apraxia Abstract thought disturbances
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Dementia ddx
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DEMENTIAS: neuroDegenerative diseases, Endocrine, Metabolic, Exogenous, Neoplasm, Truama, Infection, Affective disorders, Stroke/Structural
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Active labor phase factors
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Power Passenger Pelvis
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HELLP syndrome
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Hemolysis Elevated Lfts Low Platelets
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Post-partum fever: 7 Ws
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Womb (endomyometritis), Wind (atelectasis, oneumonia), Water(UTI), , Walk (DVT/PE), Wound, Weaning (breast engogement, abcess, mastitis), Wonder drugs (drug fever)
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Menopause Signs
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HAVOC: Hot flashes, Atrophy of the Vagina, Osteoporosis, Coronary artery disease
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Amsel’s criteria (BV)
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Whitish gray discharge, pH>4.5, positive whiff test, clue cells (>20%)
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Urinary Incontinence Causes
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DIAPPERS: Delirium, Infection, Atrophic, Pharmaceutical, Psychiatric, Excessive urinary output, Restricted mobility, Stool impaction
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Non-cyanotic congenital heart disease
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3 D’s: vsD, asD, pDa
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Cyanotic heart disase (congenital)
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5 T’s and 1 P: Truncus arteriosus, Transposition of the great arteries, Tetralogy of Fallot, Tricuspid atresia, Total anomalous pulmonary venous return, Pulmonary atresia
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DiGeorge Syndrome
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CATCH 22: Cardiac abnormalities, Abnormal facies, Thymic aplasia, Cleft palate, Hypocalcemia, 22q11 deletion
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Tetralogy of Fallot
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PROVe: Pulmonary stenosis, Rvh, Overriding aorta, Vsd
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Meckel’s rule of 2’s
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age<2, 2x in males, 2 tissue types (gastric/pancreatic), 2 inches long, 2 feet of ileocecal valve, 2% population
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Kawasaki disease symptoms
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CRASH and BURN: Conjunctivitis Rash Adenopathy Strawberry tongue Hands and feet (red, swollen, flaky skin) Burn (fever>40 for >5 days)
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APGAR
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Appearance (color), Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiratory effort
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Delirium Causes
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I WATCH DEATH: Infection Withdrawal Acute metabolic/substance Abuse Trauma Cns pathology Hypoxia Deficiencies Endocrine Acute vascular/mi Toxins/drugs Heavy metals
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Depression Sx
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SIG E CAPS: Sleep, Interest, Guilt, Energy Concentration Appetite, Psychomotor, Suicidal
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TCA Toxicity
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Tri-C’s: Convulsions Coma Cardiac arrhythmias
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Mania Sx
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DIG FAST: Distractibility, Insomnia, Grandiosity, Flight of ideas, Activities/psychomotor Agitation, Sexual indiscretion, Talkativeness
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Personality disorder characteristics
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MEDIC: Maladaptive, Enduring, Deviates from cultural norms, Inflexible, Causes impariment in social or occupational functioning
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Substance dependence
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WITHDraw IT: Withdrawal, Interest/Important, Tolerance, Harm, Desired to cut down, Intended, Time spent obtaining
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CAGE
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Cut down, Annoyed by criticism, Guilty, Eye opener
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Suicide Risk factors
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SAD PERSONS: Sex, Age, Depression, Previous attempt, Ethanol/substance, Rational, Sickness, Organized, No spouse, Social support lacking
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Restrictive Lung Disease Causes
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PAINT: PLeural, Alveolar, Interstitial, Neuromuscular, Thoracic wall
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Sarcoid features
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GRUELING: Granulomas, aRthritis, Uveitis, Erythema nodosum, Lymphadenopathy, Interstitial fibrosis, Negative tb test, Gammaglobulinemia
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Obstructive Lung disease causes
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ABCT: Asthma, Bronchiectasis, Cystic fibrosis, Tracheal or bronchial obstruction
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Asthma exacerbation meds
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ASTHMA: Albuterol, Steroids, Theophylline, Humidified O2, Magnesium, Anticholinergics
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Bronchiectasis ddx
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BRONCHIECTASIS: Bronchial cyst, Repeated gastric acid aspiration Or due to foreign bodies Necrotizing pneumnia Chemical corrosive substances, Hypogammaglobulinemia, Immotile cilia syndrome, Eosinophilia, Cystic fibrosis, Tuberculosis, Atopic bronchial asthma, Strep pneumo, In Young;s syndrome, Staph pneumo
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COPD Tx
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COPD: Corticosteriods, Oxygen, Prevention (smoking/vaccines), Dilators
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ARDS dx
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ARDSL Acute onset, Ratio (PaO2/FiO2<200), Difuse infiltration, Swan-ganz wedge pressure< 18mmHg
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Virchow’s triad
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VIR: Vascular trauma, Increased coagulability, Reduced blood flow (stasis)
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Lung cancer mets sites
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BLAB: Bone, Liver, Adrenals, Brain
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Pneumothorax signs
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P-THORAX: Pleuritic pain, tracheal deviation, Hypperresonance, Onset sudden, Reduced breath sounds, Absent fremitus, X-ray shows collapse
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Hypernatremia Causes
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6 D’s: Diuretics Dehydration Diabetes insipidus Docs (iatrogenic) Diarrhea Disease (kidney, sickle cell)
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Treatment of hyperkalemia
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C BIG K: Calcium, Bicar, Insulin, Glucose, Kayexalate
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Hypercalcemia causes
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CHIMPANZEES: Calcium supp., Hyperparathyroidism, Iatrogenic/Immobility, Milk-alkali syndrome, Paget’s disease, Addison’s disease/Acromegaly, Neoplasm, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, Excess vitamin A, Excess vitamin D, Sarcoidosis
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Anion gap acidosis causes
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MUDPILES: Methanol, Uremia, DKA, Paraldehyde, Intoxiation, Lactic acidosis, Ethylene glycol, Salicylates
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Urgent dialysis indications
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AEIOU: Acidosis, Elecrolyte abnormalities, Ingestions, Overload, Uremic symptoms
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Hematuria differential
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S2T3T3: Strictures, Stones, Infection, Inflammation, Infarction, Tumor, Trauma, TB
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