Steel Fab

Front 1

Weight of steel plate 1/8"x1'x1'

Back 1

5 lbs

Front 2

Sparks bright, long yellow, little branching with small carbon bursts

Back 2

Low carbon steel

Front 3

Sparks burst and branch, yellow/Orange, larger carbon bursts

Back 3

High carbon steel

Front 4

Sparks red and not long stream

Back 4

Cast iron

Front 5

Ultimate load required to pull apart metal

Back 5

Tensile strength

Front 6

Load that metal can withstand without becoming permanently deformed

Back 6

Elastic limit

Front 7

Ability of metal to stretch and return to original form

Back 7

Elasticity

Front 8

Stress or load at which permanent deformation occurs

Back 8

Yield strength

Front 9

Ability of metal to stretch beyond elastic limits without breaking or cracking

Back 9

Ductility

Front 10

Ability of metal to withstand repeated sharp blows

Back 10

Toughness or impact strength

Front 11

Ability of metal to resit penetration

Back 11

Hardness

Front 12

Wrought iron melts at

Back 12

2800°F

Front 13

Low carbon steel melts at

Back 13

2750°F

Front 14

Med-high carbon steel melts at

Back 14

2400-2700°F

Front 15

Copper melts at

Back 15

1980°F

Front 16

Brass/bronze melts at

Back 16

1600-1800°F

Front 17

Aluminum melts at

Back 17

1260°F

Front 18

AISI SAE class 1

Back 18

Plain carbon steel

Front 19

AISI SAE class 2

Back 19

Nickel steels

Front 20

AISI SAE class 4

Back 20

Chrome/moly

Front 21

CSA Standard type G

Back 21

General construction

Front 22

CSA Standard type W

Back 22

Weldable

Front 23

CSA type WT

Back 23

Weldable notch tough

Front 24

CSA class R

Back 24

Atmospheric corrosion resistant

Front 25

CSA class Q

Back 25

Quenched and tempered low alloy plate steel

Front 26

Most common test for hardness of steel

Back 26

Rockwell and Brinell

Front 27

Brinell 100 is

Back 27

Low carbon steel

Front 28

Brinell 600 is

Back 28

Hardened tool steel

Front 29

Category B Rockwell

Back 29

Relates to softer steels

Front 30

Category C Rockwell

Back 30

Relates to harder steels

Front 31

Brinell 200 is

Back 31

Med carbon steel

Front 32

Brinell 300 is

Back 32

High alloy

Front 33

Brinell 400 is

Back 33

High carbon

Front 34

Brinell 500 is

Back 34

Tool steel

Front 35

Carbon content for chain, nails, screws

Back 35

0.05-0.15

Front 36

Carbon content for structural steel and plate

Back 36

0.15-0.30

Front 37

Carbon content for springs and wood saws

Back 37

0.45-0.75

Front 38

Carbon content for chisels

Back 38

0.75-0.90

Front 39

Carbon content for shear blades

Back 39

0.90-1.00

Front 40

Carbon content for taps and dies

Back 40

1.00-1.10

Front 41

Carbon content for files and reamers

Back 41

1.20-1.30

Front 42

Carbon content for metal saws

Back 42

1.40-1.50

Front 43

When dismantling a crane boom should top or lower pins be removed first

Back 43

Lower

Front 44

When assembling a boom on a crane should the top or bottom pins be installed first

Back 44

Top

Front 45

Pendant lines most likely refer to

Back 45

Boom support stays

Front 46

When is proper time to attach counter weight to crane

Back 46

After installation of boom

Front 47

Boom pins should be positioned with cotter pins to

Back 47

Outside

Front 48

Extend reach of main boom with use of

Back 48

Jib crane

Front 49

Length of a flat piece of metal prior to forming

Back 49

Stretch-out

Front 50

To increase surface area of outrigger floats blocking should be how many times bigger than float surface area?

Back 50

3x

Front 51

Load radius measured from where on crane to where on hook?

Back 51

Crane master center pin to center of load hook

Front 52

No crane operation closer than how many feet to overhead power line

Back 52

10'

Front 53

What grade of wire rope is most commonly used in in construction?

Back 53

110/120 improved plow

Front 54

Safe working load limit ratio is

Back 54

5:1

Front 55

For natural fiber rope, The brighter the colour the high the

Back 55

Grade and strength

Front 56

What synthetic fiber rope is strongest

Back 56

Kevlar, then nylon

Front 57

WLL for hoisting people is

Back 57

10:1

Front 58

Tied knot in a rope reduces strength by what %

Back 58

50%

Front 59

When is a sheet bend used

Back 59

To tie 2 ropes of unequal diameter together

Front 60

Safety factor for rope when NOT used for people or falls

Back 60

5:1

Front 61

What fiber rope not used in construction

Back 61

Sisal

Front 62

Formula for to find chord length

Back 62

Diameter × sin(1/2 angle)

Front 63

Correct cut angle for 3 piece 90° elbow

Back 63

22.5°

Front 64

Base or pad of tank must be level to within

Back 64

+- 1/4"

Front 65

When laying out floor plates, which plate will be laid out first

Back 65

Center plate

Front 66

When laying out floor plateson bulk storage tanks, a minimum of how much overlap maintained

Back 66

1" or 5x plate thickness

Front 67

What plates used on perimeter of bulk storage tank

Back 67

Sketch plates

Front 68

3 most common types of pads for bulk storage tanks

Back 68

Concrete ringwall, asphalt, sand pad

Front 69

Most widely used pad for bulk storage tanks

Back 69

Oiled sand pad

Front 70

On larger tank outside edge of first course how much larger on radius to compensate for weld shrinkage on floor plates

Back 70

1/2"

Front 71

Shell should not be welded to floor on bulk storage tank until

Back 71

All verts are welded

Front 72

Most shell seams offset by how much from course to course

Back 72

1/3 Length of 1 plate

Front 73

To simplify vert seam fit up on barrel-rolled plates, where should the plate be tacked first along vert seam

Back 73

Center of vert seam

Front 74

Maximum allowable seam misalignment for horizontal and circ seams on tank built according to API 650 with plate 3/8" and over

Back 74

20% plate thickness or 1/8" maximum.

Front 75

Maximum allowable seam misalignment for horizontal and circ seams on tank built according to API 650 with plate 5/16" and under

Back 75

20% of thinner plate with 1/16" max

Front 76

ASME standard for vert joint misalignment for plate under 1/2"

Back 76

25% of thickness

Front 77

ASME standard tolerance for misalignment of vert seams for plate 1/2" - 2" thick

Back 77

1/8 of plate thickness

Front 78

ASME standard tolerance for misalignment for horizontal and circ seams for plate up to 3/4" thick

Back 78

25% of thickness

Front 79

API 620 tolerance for roundness on 40-150 foot diameter

Back 79

+- 3/4"

Front 80

ASME tolerance for roundness max and min inside diameter shall not exceed how much of nominal diameter

Back 80

1%

Front 81

Scaffold planks should be tested how before erection

Back 81

Jump tested

Front 82

Which method most common to attach tubes to tube sheet

Back 82

Expanding

Front 83

How many times working pressure is hydro test done at

Back 83

1.5x working pressure

Front 84

Which tube sheet layout offers least resistance to shell side flow though heat exchanger resulting in greater pressure drop?

Back 84

4 tube 45° offset

Front 85

Which type of tube assembly allows for removal of the tube sheet and tubes?

Back 85

U-tube bundle

Front 86

What method should studs be tightened on high pressure flange

Back 86

Diametrically staggered pattern

Front 87

Expander removed from tube tray by turning which direction

Back 87

Counter-clockwise

Front 88

Term schedule for pipe normally refers to

Back 88

Wall thickness

Front 89

3" standard wall pipe would measure 3" at

Back 89

Inside diameter

Front 90

Pipe classified by nominal inside diameter in sizes from

Back 90

1/8" - 12"

Front 91

Pipe sizes over 12" sized by

Back 91

Outside diameter

Front 92

Pipe schedules available from

Back 92

10-160

Front 93

Standard wall pipe same as what schedule

Back 93

Sched. 40

Front 94

Another term for isometric piping drawing

Back 94

Spool drawing

Front 95

Extension lines for ISO pipe drawings are from where on fittings and where on flanges

Back 95

Center of fittings and face of flanges

Front 96

For beam and column designations W, S and M the letter designation is followed by depth, then What?

Back 96

Weight per foot

Front 97

For beam and columns designations W, S and M what does this mean W14x26x14'3"

Back 97

W shape beam with a 14" depth and weight of 26 lbs per foot and total length of 14' 3"

Front 98

What does this mean for C shape channel C12x20.7x14'3"

Back 98

C shape, 12" wide, 20.7 lbs per foot, 8'9" length

Front 99

What is another term for T shape

Back 99

Structural tees

Front 100

Structural symbol LB means

Back 100

W shape light beam

Front 101

Structural shape JB means

Back 101

M shape junior beam

Front 102

Which method of showing dimensions on structural print easiest to use when laying out

Back 102

Extension lines

Front 103

To maintain comfortable stair angle, the riser plus the tread dimensions should add up to

Back 103

17 1/2"

Front 104

Recommended vertical distance between ladder rungs is

Back 104

1 foot

Front 105

Stringers for steel stair construction are normally made from

Back 105

C-8 or C-10 channel

Front 106

Acetylene should not be compressed more than how much when in free state

Back 106

15 psi

Front 107

If preheat holes in line with cut this is correct for

Back 107

Square edge 90° cut

Front 108

For piercing holes in 1/2" plate or less which torch method is used

Back 108

Travelling torch method

Front 109

For piercing holes on plate over 2" which method used

Back 109

Still torch method

Front 110

1020 steel has what % of carbon

Back 110

0.20%

Front 111

Ability of metal to stretch beyond the elastic limits without breaking or cracking

Back 111

Ductility

Front 112

Simplest welding machine type

Back 112

A.C. generator

Front 113

Most commonly used gas for GMAW

Back 113

CO2

Front 114

When CAC-A gouging what shade filter lense used

Back 114

#12

Front 115

What type of weld used on pipe joint when all other methods unsuitable

Back 115

Window method

Front 116

What ASME section is designated for welding qualification

Back 116

ASME section 9

Front 117

What ASME section is designated for welding qualification

Back 117

ASME section 9

Front 118

Property of metal to harden uniformly and completely

Back 118

Hardenability

Front 119

Refers to how easily metal will break with little or no bending

Back 119

Brittleness

Front 120

Property of metal to be bent rolled or otherwise change shape without breaking

Back 120

Ductility

Front 121

Permits metal to be hammered or rolled into shape without breaking

Back 121

Malleability

Front 122

Iron melts at

Back 122

2800°f

Front 123

3 forms of iron

Back 123

Cast, wrought and steel

Front 124

3 forms of iron

Back 124

Cast, wrought and steel

Front 125

Low grade iron ore

Back 125

Taconite

Front 126

Impurities removed from pig iron with

Back 126

Limestone

Front 127

Pig iron has now much carbon

Back 127

3-5%

Front 128

Carbon content and melt temp of grey cast iron

Back 128

1.7-4.5% melts at 2200°f

Front 129

Ductile cast iron known as

Back 129

Nodular cast iron

Front 130

Wrought iron is pig iron with most carbon removed to what %

Back 130

0.4%

Front 131

Most steel in north America produced with

Back 131

Basic oxygen furnace

Front 132

Carbon content low carbon steel

Back 132

0.05%-0.3%

Front 133

Carbon content medium carbon steel

Back 133

0.3%-0.6%

Front 134

Carbon content of high carbon steel

Back 134

0.6%-1.5%

Front 135

High carbon steel has Rockwell-c hardness of

Back 135

60-66

Front 136

Bars of high carbon steel ground to specific drill sizes called

Back 136

Drill rod

Front 137

What added to steel to improve machinability

Back 137

Sulphur

Front 138

What is added to increase the machinability of sulphzurized steel

Back 138

Lead

Front 139

Element gives hardness to steel and toughness. Gives finer grain. Basic for stainless steel

Back 139

Chromium

Front 140

What % of chromium in most stainless steel

Back 140

11%-26%

Front 141

Used to make cutting tool alloys. Improves hardness of cutting tools when red hot called red hardness or hot-hardness.

Back 141

Cobalt

Front 142

% of cobalt in high speed steels

Back 142

5%-12%

Front 143

Element adds strength and toughness. Retains hardness even when cooled slowly. Difficult to cut so usually cast. Wear makes surface harder

Back 143

Manganese

Front 144

Adds strength and hardness allows steel to withstand heat and shocks

Back 144

Molybdenum

Front 145

Adds strength and toughness to steel. Elastic properties

Back 145

Nickel

Front 146

Carbon content of high speed steel

Back 146

0.7%-1.5%

Front 147

High speed steel retains hardness at temps up to

Back 147

590°c or 1100°f

Front 148

Plain carbon tool steels lose hardness at what temp

Back 148

230°c or 450°f

Front 149

How much aluminum weight compared to iron

Back 149

1/3

Front 150

Aluminum melts at

Back 150

1220°f

Front 151

Tensile strength of pure aluminum

Back 151

13,000 psi

Front 152

To anneal aluminum heated to

Back 152

650°f slightly more than half the melting temperature

Front 153

Major steel numbering systems governed by

Back 153

SAE and AISI

Front 154

Steel ID first number indicates

Back 154

Basic steel type

Front 155

AISI first digit 1 indicates

Back 155

Aluminum

Front 156

AISI first digit 2 indicates

Back 156

Nickel

Front 157

AISI 3rd, 4th and 5th digit indicates

Back 157

% of carbon content

Front 158

Aluminum alloys have 4 digit code where first number indicates

Back 158

Alloying element

Front 159

If first digit in aluminum designation is 1 it means

Back 159

Aluminum is of 99% purity or greater

Front 160

Aluminum number 2nd digit indicates

Back 160

Control of impurities in production with 0 meaning no control

Front 161

In 1xxx series aluminum, last 2 digits are

Back 161

Hundredths of % purity. Example 1010 is aluminum that is 99.10% pure

Front 162

Line with arrow heads on each outside end

Back 162

Dimension line

Front 163

Type of line in drawing

Back 163

Bending line used to show areas where sheet metal is bent

Front 164

Production drawing type is usually

Back 164

Orthographic

Front 165

Drawings used at design stage because they show what product will look like in 3D

Back 165

Pictorial drawing

Front 166

If tolerances not given for fraction of and inch, assumed to be

Back 166

+ or - 1/64"

Front 167

1/2" 13 UNC means

Back 167

Thread is 1/2" diameter with 13 threads per inch

Front 168

□ for threads means

Back 168

Counterbore or spot face

Front 169

"V" for threads means

Back 169

Countersink

Front 170

NF for threads

Back 170

National fine

Front 171

NC for threads

Back 171

National Coarse

Front 172

Product plan includes

Back 172

Working drawing, bill of materials, list of steps, approval before construction

Front 173

Bill of materials should show

Back 173

Parts of Product identified by names letters or numbers, number of pieces needed for each part, shape/kind of material, standard parts used in Product, unit cost of material and total cost of all materials

Front 174

Are standard parts same regardless of how many companies make them?

Back 174

Yes

Front 175

Steel as it comes from mill is sized to

Back 175

Standard stock

Front 176

Micrometers and verniers measure with accuracy of

Back 176

1/1000"

Front 177

Large iron or granite plate with very flat surface for layout

Back 177

Surface plate

Front 178

Most common length steel rule

Back 178

6"

Front 179

Used to measure curves

Back 179

Flexible steel rule

Front 180

Rule in combination set also called

Back 180

A blade

Front 181

Center punch head angle

Back 181

90°

Front 182

Weight of hammer head for layout work

Back 182

2-6 oz

Front 183

Heavy flat base carrying a spindle can be set to any angle. Clamped to spindle is scribe can be set to any angle or height

Back 183

Surface gauge

Front 184

Steel blocks with grooves used to hold round work

Back 184

V- blocks

Front 185

Find center of round object by scribing lines at what degrees

Back 185

Every 60°

Front 186

Micrometers also called

Back 186

Mikes

Front 187

Micrometers can measure as accurately as

Back 187

1/10,000"

Front 188

Hold work with one hand and micrometer in other with

Back 188

Ring finger pressing frame against palm using index and thumb to turn thimble

Front 189

Plain inch micrometers have how many threads per inch

Back 189

40

Front 190

Metric micrometers have how many threads per 25mm

Back 190

50

Front 191

Hand hacksaw blades made in lengths of

Back 191

8", 10" and 12"

Front 192

Hand hacksaw blade length measured from

Back 192

Center of holes at each end of blade

Front 193

Hand hacksaw blades usually how wide

Back 193

1/2"

Front 194

Hand hacksaw blades usually how thick

Back 194

.025"

Front 195

Pitch of blade is

Back 195

Distance between one saw tooth to the next

Front 196

Larger saw tooth pitch means

Back 196

Larger teeth

Front 197

Metric pitch measured

Back 197

Between teeth

Front 198

Imperial pitch measured by

Back 198

Teeth per inch

Front 199

Tooth number for cutting soft steel, aluminum, copper 1" or thicker

Back 199

14 tooth

Front 200

Saw tooth number for cutting carbon steel 1/4" - 1"

Back 200

18 tooth

Front 201

Saw tooth number for cutting metals up to 1/16" material

Back 201

32 tooth

Front 202

Saw tooth set has several bent left and several bent right forming a wave effect

Back 202

Wavy set

Front 203

When putting new blade in handle hacksaw teeth shoukd face

Back 203

Away from handle

Front 204

Noise made when due to vibrating due to not being cut close enough to vise jaws

Back 204

Chatter

Front 205

This type of chisel has a wide edge

Back 205

Flat chisel

Front 206

Chisel has rounded cutting edge for cutting round corners and grooves

Back 206

Round nosed chisel

Front 207

Ranges in diameter for cold chisels

Back 207

1/4" - 1"

Front 208

Chisel lengths

Back 208

4"-8"

Front 209

If side edge of file has no teeth its called

Back 209

A safe edge

Front 210

Metal ring on file handle to stop wood from splitting called

Back 210

Ferrule

Front 211

File has same width and thickness for whole length of file

Back 211

Blunt file

Front 212

File has single row of cuts across face of file

Back 212

Single cut file

Front 213

File has 2 sets of cuts crossing each other which gives form of sharp points. Cuts faster but not as smooth as single cut

Back 213

Double cut file

Front 214

Cut made with farthest tooth spacing in file

Back 214

Rough

Front 215

Closest file tooth spacing

Back 215

Dead smooth

Front 216

To clean file rub file card in what direction

Back 216

Same that file cuts

Front 217

To determine length if piece needed when bending and given outside dimensions subtract

Back 217

2x material thickness per 90° bend

Front 218

Curved bends made with what device

Back 218

Bending fork or universal bending jig

Front 219

What methods used to fasten wrought iron pieces

Back 219

Traditionally rivets. Also welding and brazing now

Front 220

Nuts that screw clockwise on bolts are what LH or RH

Back 220

RH

Front 221

Bench grinder has RH threads on _______ and LH threads on __________

Back 221

RH on Right side and LH on left side

Front 222

Machines that use flat cold rolling dies to make threads

Back 222

Cold headers

Front 223

Governing body for screw and bolt thread designation

Back 223

AISI

Front 224

Largest diameter of straight external internal thread

Back 224

Major diameter

Front 225

Smallest diameter of bolt on external or nut on internal thread

Back 225

Minor diameter

Front 226

Imaginary line between major and minor diameter on screw thread

Back 226

Pitch diameter

Front 227

Distance from point on screw thread to same point on next thread

Back 227

Pitch distance

Front 228

Imperial pitch is

Back 228

# of threads per inch

Front 229

Metric pitch is

Back 229

Distance between threads in mm

Front 230

Bolt thread lead distance is

Back 230

Distance thread makes along axis on thread in 1 revolution. Same as pitch distance

Front 231

Angle made by helix of thread in relation to horizontal axis of screw

Back 231

Helix angle or lead angle

Front 232

Top surface of thread that joins the 2 sides

Back 232

Crest

Front 233

Total distance between major and minor diameter

Back 233

Height of thread or single depth

Front 234

Cross sectional shape of screw thread called

Back 234

Profile or form

Front 235

UNC

Back 235

Unified national coarse

Front 236

What are 6 classes of thread fits for unified screw threads

Back 236

1A, 2A, 3A for external 1B, 2B, 3B for internal

Front 237

1A and 2A are how tight of fit

Back 237

Loose fit

Front 238

2A and 2B bolt clearances are how tight of fit

Back 238

Free fit

Front 239

3A and 3B are how tight of fit

Back 239

Close fit

Front 240

NPT

Back 240

American National Standard Tapered Pipe Thread

Front 241

NPT threads tapered how much per foot on diameter

Back 241

3/4"

Front 242

What degree is taper for NPT

Back 242

60°

Front 243

NPTR threads used for

Back 243

Used in railing construction

Front 244

NPSC used in

Back 244

Pipe couplings

Front 245

NPSM used in

Back 245

Free fitting mechanical joints

Front 246

NPSL used for

Back 246

Loose fitting mechanical joints with locknuts

Front 247

NPSH used for

Back 247

Loose fitting mechanical joints in hose couplings

Front 248

NPTF

Back 248

American National Standard Dry Seal Taper Pipe Threads

Front 249

ISO metric and ISO inch have same thread form of what degree

Back 249

60°

Front 250

Are ISO metric and ISO inch interchangeable?

Back 250

No

Front 251

3 ISO metric classes of fit for threads

Back 251

Fine medium coarse

Front 252

Bolt tolerance grade spec by

Back 252

Number

Front 253

Bolt tolerance position spec by

Back 253

Letter

Front 254

Upper case letter for position spec for threaded members

Back 254

External threads

Front 255

Position spec E or e is

Back 255

Large allowance

Front 256

Position spec G or g for

Back 256

Small allowance

Front 257

Position spec H or h

Back 257

No allowance

Front 258

All metric thread designations begin with

Back 258

M

Front 259

After M in metric thread designation is

Back 259

Major diameter

Front 260

After M in metric thread designation is major diameter followed by

Back 260

Thread pitch in mm separated by major diameter number by an x

Front 261

Pitch in metric bolt designation may be omitted if

Back 261

Designating coarse thread.

Front 262

ISO metric 16mm coarse thread with pitch of 2mm designated

Back 262

M16

Front 263

Diameter of rod to be used when threading should same as

Back 263

Major diameter

Front 264

When threading steel use what kind of oil

Back 264

Sulphzurized mineral oil

Front 265

Grooves in taps called

Back 265

Flutes

Front 266

3 types of taps

Back 266

Taper, plug and bottoming

Front 267

Taper tap has how many tapered threads

Back 267

6

Front 268

Has full threads except for 1st thread to cut as close to bottom as possible

Back 268

Bottoming tap

Front 269

Plug tap has how many tapered threads

Back 269

3 or 4

Front 270

Permits rapid thread cutting without breaking

Back 270

Helical fluted taps

Front 271

Cutting edges of tap are ground to angle to center line of tap. Chips shoot ahead of cut to prevent binding

Back 271

Gun tap

Front 272

Tap Designed to lift chips out of hole

Back 272

Helical fluted tap

Front 273

Taps in series of 1, 2 and 3 used one after another on very tough metal

Back 273

Serial taps

Front 274

This tap has no flutes and doesn't cut metal. Very strong because grain is forced into thread shape and surface work hardened

Back 274

Thread forming

Front 275

ANSI has limits and fits for cylindrical parts in 3 groups

Back 275

Running and sliding fits, location fits, force fits

Front 276

Cylinder fit Symbol RC

Back 276

Running and sliding fits

Front 277

Fit symbol LC

Back 277

Locational Clearance Fits

Front 278

Fit symbol LN

Back 278

Locational Interference Fits

Front 279

Fit symbol LT

Back 279

Locational Transitional Fit

Front 280

Cylinder Fit symbol FN

Back 280

Force and Shrink Fit

Front 281

Fit where one part revolves inside another like shaft running inside bearing or drill press spindle

Back 281

Running Fit

Front 282

Interference between mating parts where shaft slightly larger than standard hole size

Back 282

Force fit or shrink fit

Front 283

3 ways force fit parts assembled

Back 283

Driven with hammer, forced with vise or arbor press, assembled with shrink fit

Front 284

How to make part with hole larger to accept shaft in shrink fit

Back 284

Apply heat

Front 285

Difference in diameter for fit called

Back 285

Allowance

Front 286

Box end wrench heads offset by

Back 286

15°

Front 287

Torque wrenches measure in lbs/ft in imperial and what's for metric

Back 287

Newton/meters

Front 288

Alloying with pure lead makes tougher

Back 288

Antimony

Front 289

Machine for pressing parts of machinery together or forcing them apart

Back 289

Arbor press

Front 290

Often used to clamp parts while being assembled. Size determined by jaws

Back 290

Machinists vise

Front 291

Spacing for rivets no less than

Back 291

3x rivet diameter

Front 292

Spacing for rivets no more than

Back 292

24x rivet diameter

Front 293

Development used for developing patterns for objects with parallel sides such as multi piece elbows and offsets

Back 293

Parallel line development

Front 294

Objects have one side cut off at an angle like cylinder cut at angle on one end

Back 294

Truncated

Front 295

Development used for objects such as cones or pyramids

Back 295

Radial line development

Front 296

Used to develop patterns with irregular shapes

Back 296

Triangulation

Front 297

Fold along edge to eliminate sharp edge and increase strength in sheet metal

Back 297

Hem

Front 298

Joint made by fastening 2 edges

Back 298

Seam

Front 299

Extra metal required to make hem or seam on pattern

Back 299

Allowance

Front 300

Always bend what first when planning bend order

Back 300

Hems

Front 301

When ordering sheet metal order by specifying

Back 301

Thickness then gauge

Front 302

Steel iron tool with sharp point at one end. Used to scratch layout lines on sheet metal. Some have wooden handles

Back 302

Scratch awl

Front 303

Used for pounding or tucking in edges of sheet metal especially for edges on single bottom seam

Back 303

Setting hammer

Front 304

Used for producinging curves sheet metal surfaces that cannot be made with forming machine.

Back 304

Raising hammer

Front 305

Tin snips can cut up to what gauge

Back 305

20 gauge or thinner

Front 306

Has 3 blades to cut around cans

Back 306

Double-cutting shear

Front 307

Shear has side guides to keep straight cuts

Back 307

Squaring shear

Front 308

Machine for bending sheet metal edges used for seams and hems.

Back 308

Bar folder

Front 309

Hand operated brake press limited to what gauge

Back 309

16 gauge

Front 310

Forming tube like bend on edge of sheet

Back 310

Beading

Front 311

Forms cylindrical shapes from sheet metal. Has 3 rolls

Back 311

Slip-roll forming machine

Front 312

Used to make round edge on cylinder for wired edge

Back 312

Turning machine

Front 313

Makes burr or turned up edge at bottom of cylinder. First step to making single or double bottom seam

Back 313

Burring machine

Front 314

Machine that closes seam after bugging machine

Back 314

Setting down machine

Front 315

Machine that closes seam after bugging machine

Back 315

Setting down machine

Front 316

Alternative method for closing seam instead of using setting down machine

Back 316

Pound with hammer

Front 317

Making each end on stove pipe called

Back 317

Crimping

Front 318

When steel is light yellow temp is

Back 318

190°c or 380°f

Front 319

When steel is light straw colour durring tempering the temperature is

Back 319

220°c or 425°f

Front 320

When steel is dark straw temp is

Back 320

240°c or 465°f

Front 321

When steel is purple temp is

Back 321

285°c or 545°f

Front 322

When steel is blue temp is

Back 322

310°c or 590°f

Front 323

Low carbon steel carbon content

Back 323

0.05%-0.3%

Front 324

Med carbon steel carbon content

Back 324

0.3%-0.6%

Front 325

High carbon steel content

Back 325

0.6%-1.5%

Front 326

Below what temp is cementite formed

Back 326

720°c or 1330°f (same as critical temp of steel)

Front 327

Minimum carbon content for pearlite to form

Back 327

0.03%

Front 328

Steel with carbon content of 0.8% called

Back 328

Eutectoid steel. Pure pearlite

Front 329

Steel no longer magnetic over what temp

Back 329

770° c or 1420°f slightly over critical temperature of steel

Front 330

BCC structure also called

Back 330

Alpha iron

Front 331

FCC structure also called

Back 331

Gamma Iron

Front 332

Formed when carbon uncombinds with iron to form pure carbon and iron and carbon then desolved into iron

Back 332

Austenite

Front 333

When high carbon steel heated above critical temp and cooled rapidly Austenite transforms into

Back 333

Martensite

Front 334

Brine cools how much faster than water

Back 334

2x

Front 335

Tempering also called

Back 335

Drawing

Front 336

Tempering temperature range

Back 336

150°c-600°c (below critical temp)

Front 337

Tempered parts should be held at tempering temperature for how long

Back 337

1 hour for every inch of thickness

Front 338

Heat treatment process used to soften steel

Back 338

annealing

Front 339

How many parts is this reeving

Back 339

4 parts

Front 340

Dead end of reeving if odd number connected to

Back 340

The boom

Front 341

Dead end of reeving if odd number is connected to

Back 341

Boom

Front 342

Minimum clearance between counterweight on mobile crane and any object 360°

Back 342

2 feet

Front 343

Any blocking under outrigger float should be how many times bigger than float area

Back 343

3x

Front 344

Maximum % of grade found can be out of level for mobile crane

Back 344

1%

Front 345

Using 1% ground level grade tolerance, How many feet can drop be over 100 feet

Back 345

1 foot

Front 346

Load indicator, rated capacity Indicator or rated capacity limiter must be installed on crane with max capacity of

Back 346

3 ton or more

Front 347

If jib higher than main block while main block lifting, jib weight is considered to be what in relation to its actual weight

Back 347

Higher than actual

Front 348

If jib is lower than main block while main block is lifting, jib weight is

Back 348

Lower

Front 349

Shows max capacity under every permissible configuration on crane

Back 349

Load chart

Front 350

3 critical load chart factors on mobile crane

Back 350

Load radius, boom length, boom angle

Front 351

Is finding out the middle of 2 chart values and applying them permissible for load chart on mobile crane

Back 351

No

Front 352

When measured load radius falls between 2 chart values, which one must be used

Back 352

Higher # used

Front 353

If falls between 2 boom angles on load chart which angle to be used

Back 353

Lower angle

Front 354

Boom angle and boom length determine

Back 354

Load radius

Front 355

How many reeving parts required if load is 60,000 lbs, block is 1,000 lbs and wire has WLL of 18,000lbs

Back 355

4 parts (60,000+1,000=61,000÷18,000=3.35) round up

Front 356

No crane can operate closer than how much to power lines

Back 356

18ft

Front 357

Best option for rope around electricity

Back 357

Dry polypropylene

Front 358

Wire rope measure across

Back 358

Widest point or "crowns"

Front 359

What is the 3/6 rule

Back 359

3 broken wires in 1 strand or 6 broken wires among all strands in 1 lay length

Front 360

Method of binding wire rope end to prevent unraveling

Back 360

Seizing

Front 361

Angle from center line of drum to working sheave to outside rope wrap on drum

Back 361

Fleet angle

Front 362

How many full wraps must remain on drum of overhead crane

Back 362

2 full wraps

Front 363

Flanges on drum of crane should project

Back 363

2 rope diameters or 2" whichever is larger

Front 364

No more than how many layers of rope on drum

Back 364

3 layers

Front 365

Base-mounted drum hoists called

Back 365

Tuggers

Front 366

All hoists must have ID plate with

Back 366

Load rating, drum size, rope size, rope speed, and rated power supply

Front 367

Drum size includes

Back 367

Barrel diameter, barrel length and flange diameter

Front 368

If holding suspended load for extended time, must have this in addition to brake

Back 368

Ratchet and pawl system

Front 369

IWRC

Back 369

Indipendant wire rope core

Front 370

Wire rope grade 120/130 & 130/140

Back 370

Extra extra improved plow (EEIPS)

Front 371

Grade 115/125

Back 371

Extra improved plow (EIPS)

Front 372

Grade 110/120 wire rope

Back 372

Improved plow (IPS)

Front 373

100/110

Back 373

Plow

Front 374

90/100

Back 374

Mild plow

Front 375

Wire rope plow with lower tensile strength, Can be used when strength is secondary to wear

Back 375

Plow

Front 376

Wire rope plow used when special applications require max strength. 10% stronger than extra improved plow

Back 376

Extra extra improved plow

Front 377

Wire rope plow with high fatigue resistance but lower tensile strength. Limited applications

Back 377

Mild plow

Front 378

Wire rope plow when need for higher breaking strength required. Be don't quality not good.

Back 378

Extra improved plow. 15% stronger than improved plow

Front 379

Wire rope plow most commonly used wire rope. Good wear resistance, high fatigue factor and high tensile strength

Back 379

Improved plow

Front 380

What lay is this

Back 380

Left regular lay

Front 381

What lay is this

Back 381

Right Lang lay

Front 382

What lay is this

Back 382

Left Lang lay

Front 383

What lay is this

Back 383

Right regular lay

Front 384

Shorter length of strands in this lay help resist crushing and distortion

Back 384

Regular lay

Front 385

Lay should not be used in single part hoisting because can unwind

Back 385

Lang lay

Front 386

Biggest advantage to Lang lay

Back 386

Resistance to abrasion

Front 387

Lay switching between regular and Lang lay in one rope

Back 387

Alternate lay

Front 388

Outter strands of rope are LH lay and inner strands are RH lay

Back 388

Rotation resistant rope

Front 389

3 lines on bolt head designates grade

Back 389

Grade 5

Front 390

6 radial line on bolt head

Back 390

Grade 8

Front 391

Wires per strand 6x7 wire rope with 6 strands

Back 391

3-14

Front 392

Safety factor

Back 392

5:1

Front 393

Safety factor when hoisting personnel

Back 393

10:1

Front 394

Organization for regulations in wire rope

Back 394

ANSI

Front 395

Safety factor for elevator

Back 395

20:1

Front 396

Safety factor for critical lift

Back 396

10:1

Front 397

Rope decrease in strength when bend around block or sheeve. Ratio called

Back 397

D/D ratio

Front 398

Formula for D/d ratio

Back 398

Divide large diameter by rope diameter and use table number for efficiency

Front 399

D/d ratio of 1:1 efficiency

Back 399

50%

Front 400

D/d ratio of 4:1 efficiency

Back 400

75%

Front 401

D/d for basket hitch ratio at least

Back 401

25:1

Front 402

If proper D/d ratio used, sling capacity in basket hitch

Back 402

Doubled

Front 403

Choker hitch rated for

Back 403

75%

Front 404

Which sling can be used in acidic conditions

Back 404

Polyester

Front 405

Back 405

Triangle choker sling

Front 406

Back 406

Triangle end sling

Front 407

Back 407

Double eye sling

Front 408

Back 408

Return eye Sling

Front 409

Sling leg load increases as angle

Back 409

Decreases

Front 410

At 60° Sling angle, load is

Back 410

115%

Front 411

At 45° sling angle, what is the percent of load on each leg

Back 411

141%

Front 412

At 30° Sling angle, load is

Back 412

200%

Front 413

Recommended safe lifting angle

Back 413

60°

Front 414

What included sling angle makes equalateral triangle with load and sling legs and can be measured between lifting points using sling

Back 414

60°

Front 415

2 types of wire rope clips

Back 415

Fist grip and u-bolt

Front 416

Clips develop what % of wire rope strength

Back 416

80%

Front 417

Can clips be used to make sling eyes

Back 417

No

Front 418

U-bolt type, "u" must be on live or dead end of rope

Back 418

Dead end

Front 419

Type of wire rope clamp

Back 419

Fist grip

Front 420

Type of wire rope clamp

Back 420

U-bolt type

Front 421

Clip spacing on wire rope

Back 421

6x rope diameter

Front 422

Number of clips to use on diameter of wire rope

Back 422

Rope diameter × 3 + 1

Front 423

When hanging shackle on hook, pin or body hung on hook

Back 423

Pin

Front 424

Extra wide shackle diameter increases

Back 424

Bow diameter

Front 425

Hook must be replaced if it has opened how much

Back 425

15%

Front 426

Hook must be replaced if has twisted how much

Back 426

10%

Front 427

No load angle on shouldered eyebolts greater than

Back 427

45°

Front 428

Load at 45° on shouldered eyebolts decreases capacity by

Back 428

30%

Front 429

What orientation must swivel rings must be torqued and mounted

Back 429

Flat (90°)

Front 430

Lock turn buckle with

Back 430

Lock wire (never use jam nuts)

Front 431

Custom designed lifting beams must be engeneered and tested at

Back 431

125% capacity

Front 432

When angle between load and lead lines is 120°, Load weight is

Back 432

Same

Front 433

Formula for WLL of wire rope

Back 433

Rope diameter squared × 8

Front 434

If links on chain bind on each other, means

Back 434

Chain is over stretched

Front 435

Strongest rope other than kevlar

Back 435

Nylon

Front 436

Pythagoras for ____° triangles

Back 436

90°

Front 437

For 45° triangles is multiply base or height x ____ to find hypotenuse

Back 437

1.414

Front 438

In 45° triangles if hypotenuse is known, multiply by ____ to find base or height

Back 438

.707

Front 439

2 principle views on most prints

Back 439

Orientation and elevation

Front 440

0° on orientation view located _____ and travels ______

Back 440

On top and travels clockwise

Front 441

On domed head, distance from center to a nozzle can be established using

Back 441

Tape and level

Front 442

Large base ring not made of 1 piece because

Back 442

Not economical

Front 443

best number of pieces to make a base ring out of

Back 443

3

Front 444

1 radius is equal to how many chord lengths

Back 444

1/6 of chord distance around circ

Front 445

4 piece 90° elbow has how many joints

Back 445

3

Front 446

What degree is each cut made at for 4 piece 90° elbow

Back 446

15° (#joints÷degrees ÷ 2) (3÷90=30÷2=15)

Front 447

Bulk storage tank base must be level within

Back 447

+- 1/4

Front 448

3 most common types bulk storage tank pads

Back 448

Concrete ringwall, asphalt, sand

Front 449

Most common bulk storage tank pad

Back 449

Oiled sand

Front 450

Bulk storage tank floor plates should overlap

Back 450

5x plate thickness

Front 451

Mark center of floor on center plate on bulk storage tank by

Back 451

Tacking rod to plate

Front 452

On larger bulk storage tank, outside edge of floor should be how much bigger than indicated outside radius for floor to allow for shrinkage

Back 452

1/2"

Front 453

Starting point for first shell wall indicated on what drawing view

Back 453

Orientation view

Front 454

On bulk storage tank, after first course up how is level checked

Back 454

With a transit

Front 455

Shell should not be welded to floor until

Back 455

Shell verts and floor laps joints welded

Front 456

Is bulk storage tank out of level, what is done

Back 456

Base jacked up and grout forced in

Front 457

If all rafters too short in bulk storage tank, it means

Back 457

Crown in tank too high causing excessive roof pitch

Front 458

API 650 misalignment tolerance for vertical and longitudinal joints for bulk storage tanks

Back 458

10% plate thickness or 1/16" whichever is larger

Front 459

API 620 misalignment tolerance for vertical and longitudinal joints for bulk storage tanks

Back 459

1/16" for plate 1/4" and under. For plate larger than 1/4", 25% plate thickness or 1/8", whichever is less

Front 460

ASME misalignment tolerance for vertical and longitudinal joints on bulk storage tanks

Back 460

25% plate thickness for up to 1/2" plate. 1/8th plate thickness for plate between 1/2"-2".

Front 461

API 650 misalignment tolerances for horizontal and circumferential seams on bulk storage tanks

Back 461

20% of thinner plate or 1/8"

Front 462

API 620 misalignment tolerances for horizontal and circumferential seams on bulk storage tanks

Back 462

1/16" for plates 1/4" thick or less. For over 1/4" thick plates, 25% of thickness or 1/8", whichever is smaller

Front 463

ASME misalignment tolerances for horizontal and circumferential seams on bulk storage tanks

Back 463

25% of thickness for plate up to 3/4". 3/16" for plate up to 2"

Front 464

API 650 roundness tolerances 0-40' diameter

Back 464

+- 1/2"

Front 465

API 620 roundness tolerances for 40'-150' diameter

Back 465

+- 3/4"

Front 466

ASME roundness tolerances for bulk storage tanks

Back 466

Difference between min and max inside diameter shall not exceed 1% of nominal diameter

Front 467

3rd handline on scaffold located between

Back 467

Scaffold and inside if tank wall

Front 468

Bulk storage tank scaffold handline should be what diameter rope

Back 468

3/8" wire rope or 3/4" manila rope

Front 469

3rd handline mandatory is space between plank and inside shell wall more than

Back 469

12"

Front 470

Bracket on scaffold 5" out of level will only support how much rated load

Back 470

50%

Front 471

How are scaffold planks tested

Back 471

Jump tested

Front 472

3 most common types of tower trays

Back 472

Float valve, sieve, bubble cap

Front 473

Most tower trays made of

Back 473

10-14 gauge carbon or stainless steel

Front 474

2 critical measurements in tower trays are

Back 474

Underdowncomer clearance and tray floor weir height

Front 475

Most tubes in heat exchanger tube sheet attached with what method

Back 475

Tube expansion

Front 476

Tubesheet layout

Back 476

Triangular 30°

Front 477

Tubesheet layout

Back 477

Rotated triangular 60°

Front 478

Tubesheet layout

Back 478

Square 90°

Front 479

Tubesheet layout

Back 479

Rotated square 45°

Front 480

What heat exchanger tubes arranged in parallel rows

Back 480

In-line

Front 481

Governing factors determining size of heat exchanger

Back 481

Shell diameter and tube length

Front 482

What does a 23-192 heat exchanger mean

Back 482

Diameter is 23" and tube length is 192"

Front 483

Use tube expander from on tubes from what part of tubesheet first

Back 483

Bottom going up to prevent lube from dripping on unexpanded tubes

Front 484

How thick is a 1' x 1' piece of steel that weighs 10 lbs

Back 484

1/4" thick

Front 485

What is the rule of thumb for choosing die size in brake press

Back 485

8x material thickness up to 1/2" and 5x material thickness over 1/2"

Front 486

Rule 1 for stairs is riser + run = 17 1/2". Rule 2 is

Back 486

Riser × run = 70"-75"

Front 487

Distance between landings with stairways maximum of

Back 487

12'

Front 488

Landings between stairs are minimum length of

Back 488

3'

Front 489

Stairway headroom clearance minimum of

Back 489

2275mm or 7'6"

Front 490

Wall handrail clearance minimum of

Back 490

3"

Front 491

Structural ladder rungs made of round bar with what Inside measurement

Back 491

16"

Front 492

Structural ladders should be how far from the wall for front approach

Back 492

7"

Front 493

How far should structural ladder be from wall to center of ladder rung for side approach

Back 493

15"

Front 494

Welded clips or brackets for scaffold on bulk storage tanks should be spaced

Back 494

8'-10' apart

Front 495

Bottom safety hoop on structural ladder should be how high above ground or bottom platform level

Back 495

8'

Front 496

Inside radius of safety hoop for structural ladder should be minimum of

Back 496

13"

Front 497

CSA or CWB regulation for weld testing

Back 497

W47.1

Front 498

Develops specs for iron and steel products

Back 498

American Iron and Steel Institute AISI

Front 499

Publishes standards for test methods, specs, practices, guides, classifications and terminology

Back 499

American Society for Testing and Materials ASTM

Front 500

Produces specs for filler metals, weld symbols, welding inspection and safety

Back 500

American Welding Society AWS

Front 501

Represents manufacturers of welding related equipment

Back 501

National Electrical Manufacturers Association NEMA

Front 502

Braze welding done at temperatures above

Back 502

1650°f

Front 503

When combustion takes place inside mixing chamber of oxyfuel torch

Back 503

Burnback

Front 504

Ability of material to bend or permanently deformed without breaking

Back 504

Ductility

Front 505

Electromotive force (EMF) is same thing as

Back 505

Voltage

Front 506

Ability of metal to resist repeated blows

Back 506

Toughness

Front 507

For proper ventilation, weld shops should have how many air exchanges per hour?

Back 507

4

Front 508

Oxygen for cutting purposes must be how pure

Back 508

99.5%

Front 509

Acetylene concentration in air for explosive

Back 509

2.5%-80%

Front 510

At what PSI will acetylene break down and self ignite

Back 510

28 PSI

Front 511

Acetylene fills cylinder to what % of volumetric capacity

Back 511

40%

Front 512

Minimum fusable plugs per one of acetylene cylinder

Back 512

1 at each end minimum

Front 513

Melting temperature of fusable plug on acetylene cylinder

Back 513

212°f

Front 514

Best to cut in what direction with oxyfuel torch

Back 514

Left to right or right to left

Front 515

A.C. current has _____ cycles and changes direction______ x per minute

Back 515

60 cycles, changes direction 120x/minute

Front 516

Type of stainless most used

Back 516

Austenitic

Front 517

1/4 (3/8) this is in a weld detail to the left of the weld symbol. What does it mean

Back 517

Groove is 1/4" deep with 3/8" weld penetration

Front 518

CAC-A electrode stick out minimum and maximum

Back 518

2"-7"

Front 519

Minimum PSI for CAC-A

Back 519

100 PSI

Front 520

CSA steel type G

Back 520

General construction

Front 521

CSA steel type W

Back 521

Weldable

Front 522

CSA steel type WT

Back 522

Weldable notch tough steel

Front 523

CSA steel type R

Back 523

Atmospheric corrosion resistant

Front 524

CSA steel type A

Back 524

Atmospheric corrosion resistant weldable

Front 525

CSA steel type AT

Back 525

Atmospheric corrosion resistant weldable notch tough steel

Front 526

CSA steel type Q

Back 526

Quenched and tempered low alloy plate steel

Front 527

CSA steel type QT

Back 527

Quenched and tempered low alloy notch tough steel

Front 528

AISI/SAE steel class 1

Back 528

Plain carbon steel

Front 529

AISI/SAE steel class 2

Back 529

Nickel steel

Front 530

Steel class 10xx type

Back 530

Plain carbon steel

Front 531

Last 2 digits in plain carbon 10xx indicate

Back 531

%of carbon in 100ths of a %

Front 532

Plate steel 1/4"×1'×1' weight

Back 532

10 lbs

Front 533

What isn't included in length of bolt

Back 533

The head

Front 534

Have hex heads and only partially threaded

Back 534

Machine bolt

Front 535

Maximum line pull for a 5 ton snatch block

Back 535

2.5 tons

Front 536

Metric weight of plate steel 100mm x 100mm x 10mm

Back 536

1 kg

Front 537

Minimum overlap on extension ladder

Back 537

1 meter

Front 538

W columns have equal or unequal web and flange thicknesses

Back 538

Equal

Front 539

W beams have equal or unequal web and flange thicknesses

Back 539

Unequal

Front 540

Tees designed by ST, WT, MT made by

Back 540

Cutting S, W and M beams in half

Front 541

Beam and column designation for W, S and M shapes, 1st letter is symbol, followed by________, ________ and ________

Back 541

Depth in inches, weight per foot, overall length (W14x26x14'3")

Front 542

C shape channel designation is symbol followed by _______, ________ and ______

Back 542

Width, weight per foot and length

Front 543

Symbol

Back 543

Z shape special zees

Front 544

Back 544

W shape wide flange

Front 545

Back 545

S shape standard beams

Front 546

When bolt holes for structural members laid out, done by _________ lines

Back 546

Gauge lines

Front 547

Gauge line distance from center if hole to

Back 547

Heel of angle or channel. Also from center line of beam web

Front 548

Used to make square lines on web of beam

Back 548

Beam board

Front 549

Used to help measure web holes after dimension lines drawn on beam

Back 549

Beam web gauge

Front 550

3 methods of showing dimensions on print are

Back 550

Standard, extension, and group

Front 551

When welding or cutting, fire extinguisher must be no farther than

Back 551

9 meters or 30 feet

Front 552

Flashback arrested installed at what end of hose

Back 552

Regulator end

Front 553

Designation for wide flange beam 24" deep at 76 feet long

Back 553

W24 x 76

Front 554

From what point is a stretch out pattern on a truncated cone developed

Back 554

The apex of the cone

Front 555

Ladder must extend how high above platform.

Back 555

1 meter

Front 556

Step ladder can be no higher than.

Back 556

6 meters

Front 557

Maximum length for 2 section extension ladder

Back 557

14.6 meters

Front 558

Maximum length for extension ladder of 3 or more sections

Back 558

20 meters

Front 559

Scaffold platforms may not extend more than how much beyond the bearers

Back 559

300mm or 1'

Front 560

Strength and toughness increased by what grain size

Back 560

Small grain