Stats Test

Front 1

The chi-square test of independence is . . .

Back 1

The hypothesis test appropriate when the independent variable and dependent variable are categorical

Front 2

When two variables are statistically dependent

Back 2

The independent variable has predictive power over the dependent variable

Front 3

The first step in completing a chi-square procedure is

Back 3

The creation of the Ho and H1

Front 4

What is the formula for degrees of freedom in the chi-square?

Back 4

df = (r-1)(c-1)

Front 5

In the chi-square, the row and column totals are referred to as what?

Back 5

Marginals

Front 6

A researcher has established α=.05. If X2obt > X2crit, then the probability of obtaining this particular X2obt value by chance alone is . . .

Back 6

Less than .05

Front 7

What does a researcher do when the results of a hypothesis test reveal that X2obt > X2crit?

Back 7

Rejects the Ho

Front 8

In Cramer’s V, a positive relationship means

Back 8

That as the independent variable increases, so does the dependent variable

Front 9

What factor in a study dictates the measure of association that can be used

Back 9

The level of measurement of the independent variable and dependent variable

Front 10

Statistical independence means that knowing which category a person or object falls into on the independent variable does not aid in the prediction of their placement on the dependent

Back 10

true

Front 11

In a chi-square analysis, df is not based on sample size but on the size of the crosstabs table.

Back 11

true

Front 12

The empirical values that appear in the crosstabs table produced from sample-derived data are known as expected frequencies.

Back 12

False

Front 13

While the chi-square test indicates whether a statistically significant relationship between two variables exists, it does not allude to the strength or magnitude of that relationship.

Back 13

true

Front 14

While statistical significance is important, it is the magnitude of the relationship that tells how meaningful the association is in practical terms.

Back 14

true

Front 15

It is possible to have a statistically significant relationship but a corresponding measure of association that is very low.

Back 15

true

Front 16

A researcher wants to do an analysis with an independent variable that is categorical and has three classes. The dependent variable is continuous. Which test is appropriate?

Back 16

ANOVA

Front 17

A professor’s research assistant has a penchant for cutting corners. Due to the rather complex nature of the ANOVA test the professor has asked the assistant to perform, he has opted, instead, to simply run a series of t tests. Why might this be a bad decision for our assistant?

Back 17

B. The family wise error rate will increase, making the work fraught with unacceptably high levels of error.

Front 18

Which of the following are the types of variances analyzed by an ANOVA?

Back 18

D. Between-group and within-group

Front 19

Which of the following is the statistic for the ANOVA?

Back 19

A. F

Front 20

When true differences between groups substantially outweigh the random fluctuations present within each group, the ANOVA statistic . . .

Back 20

D. Will be large

Front 21

When between-group variance is small relative to within-group variance, the ANOVA statistic will . . .

Back 21

A. Be small

Front 22

In ANOVA, the null hypothesis is rejected when . . .

Back 22

B. The F statistic exceeds the critical value

Front 23

Which of the following is the correct Ho for the ANOVA?

Back 23

B. Ho: μ1 = μ2 = μ3

Front 24

The ratio of between-group variance to within-group variance is also known as what?

Back 24

C. F statistic

Front 25

The ANOVA is based upon an examination of variances.

Back 25

True

Front 26

Due to the complexity of the ANOVA, researchers can, if they so choose, opt to perform a series of t tests to expedite their calculations.

Back 26

False

Front 27

In ANOVA, there are three types of variances analyzed.

Back 27

False

Front 28

Within-group variance is driven by random variations between people or objects in the group and is a measure of error.

Back 28

true

Front 29

dfB = k - 1 is the formula for the calculation of the degrees of freedom between groups in an ANOVA.

Back 29

true

Front 30

In ANOVA, it is possible to have negative values for the sums of squares and the mean squares.

Back 30

False

Front 31

A range of values that span a point estimate that is calculated so as to have a certain probability of containing the population parameter is called a . . .

Back 31

Confidence interval

Front 32

It is common practice among those in the scientific fields to set confidence levels at what?

Back 32

.95 (95%) or .99 (99%)

Front 33

What is a critical value?

Back 33

The value of z or t associated with a given alpha level

Front 34

The fact that every sample that is drawn, and every sample that could potentially be drawn, has its own unique set of descriptive statistics, is called . . .

Back 34

Sampling error

Front 35

A sample statistic, such as a mean or proportion that is used to estimate a population parameter, is referred to as what?

Back 35

A point estimate

Front 36

What acts as a sort of “bubble” that introduces flexibility into the estimate of the population parameter?

Back 36

A confidence interval

Front 37

A researcher has decided upon an alpha level of α = .05. Based on this, what is the chance that the confidence level the researcher calculates will not include the true population parameter?

Back 37

5%

Front 38

If a researcher had N = 120, which distribution would be used to construct a confidence interval?

Back 38

z

Front 39

If a confidence level is 95%, what is the corresponding z-score?

Back 39

±1.96

Front 40

The variation in sample statistics such as means and proportions precludes direct inference from a sample to a population.

Back 40

True

Front 41

The alpha level itself is never used in the formula for the confidence interval. It is simply used to help determine the critical value.

Back 41

True

Front 42

A 99% confidence level would produce a confidence interval that has a greater chance than a 95% confidence level of being correct, but would be wider and less precise.

Back 42

True

Front 43

In the construction of confidence intervals, the choice of the level of confidence is up to the discretion of the researcher.

Back 43

True

Front 44

Alpha (α) is the probability that the confidence interval will not contain the true population parameter.

Back 44

True

Front 45

Confidence levels are established after the construction of the confidence intervals.

Back 45

False