Stats Exam 3

Front 1

In the hypothesis test for a single sample mean, when sigma is known

Back 1

the Z distribution is used

Front 2

in the hypothesis test for a single sample mean, when sigma is unknown,

Back 2

the standard error of the mean is calculated

Front 3

in testing hypotheses, the critical value is the:

Back 3

beginning point of the critical region

Front 4

The failure to reject a false null hypothesis is known as a

Back 4

Type II error

Front 5

another name for the critical region is the

Back 5

region of rejection

Front 6

an alpha error is

Back 6

the rejection of a null hypothesis when it is true

Front 7

a beta error is

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the failure to reject a false null hypothesis

Front 8

a statement of no relationship, no difference, no change, or a statement that any relationship, difference or change is due to chance is referred to as a:

Back 8

null hypothesis

Front 9

when testing a hypothesis, the level of significance is

Back 9

the probability of making a type I error

Front 10

lauren believes that there has been a significant increase in worker productivity on the part of the team that she supervises, but she wants to carry out some research to be on more solid ground before making that assertion. Given the logic of hypothesis testing, Lauren would actually be testing the idea that

Back 10

there has been no change in the level of productivity

Front 11

in the logic of hypothesis testing, which of the following steps is NOT a part of the formal process

Back 11

reject the critical value

Front 12

in the logic of hypothesis testing, which of the following steps is NOT a part of the formal process

Back 12

calculate a level of significance

Front 13

assume you are conducting a hypothesis test involving a single sample mean with sigma known. You have selected the .05 level of significance. What will be the appropriate critical value that you will use in the test

Back 13

+/-1.96

Front 14

assume you are conducting a hypothesis test involving a single sample mean with sigma known. You have selected the .01 level of significance. What will be the appropriate critical value that you will use in the test

Back 14

+/-2.58

Front 15

Assume you are conducting a hypothesis test involving a single sample mean with sigma known. You have selected the .01 level of significance. What will be the appropriate critical value that you will use in the test

Back 15

n-1

Front 16

in a single sample mean test with sigma unknown, how do you estimate the value of the standard error?

Back 16

use the standard deviation of the sample, divided by the square root of n

Front 17

a17. Assume that you have conducted a hypothesis test involving a single sample mean with sigma known, and you have used the .05 level of significance in your test. Let's say you had a calculated test statistic of -2.32. Which of the following would be the proper interpretation of your result

Back 17

reject the null hypothesis with the knowledge that there is a 5% chance of having made a Type I error

Front 18

assume that you have conducted a hypothesis test involving a single sample mean with sigma unknown, and you have used the .05 level of significance in your test. Let's say you used a sample of 30 cases in your test and you had a calculated test statistic of 1.930. Assuming that the appropriate critical value for your test was 2.045, which of the following would be the proper interpretation of your result?

Back 18

failure to reject the null hypothesis

Front 19

assume that you are conducting a hypothesis test involving a single sample mean with sigma unknown. Which of the following is true with respect to the critical value used in the test

Back 19

the level of significance will be greater than the critical value at the .05 level of significance

Front 20

a20. Assume that you are conducting a hypothesis test involving a single sample mean with sigma unknown. You have selected the .05 level of significance. Which of the following is true with respect to the critical value used in the test and how it would relate to your sample size?

Back 20

with a sample of 50, the critical value would be smaller than the critical value for a sample of 25

Front 21

assume that you have conducted a hypothesis test for a single sample mean with sigma known. Assume also that you are working at the .05 level of significance. Your calculations produce a Z value of +2.13. What should you conclude with respect to the null hypothesis?

Back 21

reject the null hypothesis with the knowledge that there is a .05 probability of making a Type I error

Front 22

assume that you have conducted a hypothesis test for a single sample mean with sigma known. Assume also that you are working at the .01 level of significance. Your calculations produce a Z value of +2.13. What should you conclude with respect to the null hypothesis?

Back 22

fail to reject the null hypothesis

Front 23

what is the null hypo, and how might it be expressed?

Back 23

a null hypo is the hypo is the hypo that is tested. It can be a statement of no difference, a statement of chance, or a statement of no relationship

Front 24

what is an extreme score or value?

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a score or value that has a low probability of occurrence

Front 25

what is a significant purpose

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one that is so great that it has a low probability of having occurred by chance

Front 26

what is the central question surrounding a hypo test involving a single sample mean and a population mean

Back 26

the central question is whether the difference between the two means is extreme-whether the difference is significant

Front 27

in the example involving the flextime workers, what does it mean to reject the null hypo

Back 27

to reject the null hypo is to reject the idea that the sample mean came from a pop having a mean (µ) of 193.80

Front 28

what levels of significance are commonly used by statisticians

Back 28

the .05 and .01 level of significance

Front 29

what is the definition of the critical region

Back 29

the critical region is the area or portion in a sampling distribution that contains all the values that allow you to reject the null hypo

Front 30

what is another name for the critical region?

Back 30

nother name is the REGION OF REJECTION

Front 31

how are the critical value and critical region related?

Back 31

o The critical value is the beginning of the critical region. If our calculated test statistic meets or exceeds the critical value, thereby falling into the critical region, we are ina position to reject the null hypo

Front 32

definition of type I error?

Back 32

the rejection of the null when, in fact, it is true

Front 33

what is the probability of making a type 1 error

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the probability of making a type 1 error is equal to the level of significance (the alpha level).

Front 34

What is the definition of a type II error

Back 34

it’s the failure to reject the null when it is false

Front 35

in a single sample hypo test, what is the difference in the procedures when sigma is unknown as opposed to when sigma is known

Back 35

when sigma is unknown, the standard error of the mean is estimated and t is used. When sigma is known, the standard error of the mean is calculated in a direct fashion and Z is used

Front 36

a researcher conducts a t test for related samples and calculates a value of t = 3.24. For the researcher conducting the research, the value of t = 3.24 is a statement of

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the calculated test statistic

Front 37

the t test for independent samples

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requires interval/ratio data and two samples which can have an unequal number of cases

Front 38

a test to determine if there is a difference between liberal arts and business majors in terms of their scores on a current events test is conducted using a sample of 40 liberal arts majors and a sample of 25 business majors. The test is actually based on

Back 38

the notion of a sampling distribution of the difference between means

Front 39

a hypothesis test is used to determine if there is a difference between scores made on a reading comprehension test before and after the students hear a series of lectures in a Reading to Retain program. The hypothesis test in a situation like that would involve

Back 39

the notion of a sampling distribution of mean differences

Front 40

you want to determine if there is a change in perception of voters following exposure to a commercial about Candidate X. Accordingly, you select a sample of 20 registered voters, and you measure the attitude of each voter before and after exposure to the film by asking each voter to assign the candidate an approval score from 0 to 100. Your test is actually based on

Back 40

the notion of a sampling distribution of mean differences

Front 41

How do you calculate the number of degrees of freedom for the hypothesis test involving two matched or related samples

Back 41

the degrees of freedom would be equal to the number of differences (i.e., the string of d values) that you calculated, minus 1

Front 42

how do you calculate the number of degrees of freedom for the hypothesis test involving independent samples (Sample A and Sample B)?

Back 42

the degrees of freedom would be equal to the number of cases in Sample A, minus 1, plus number of cases in Sample B, minus 1

Front 43

using Appendix B in your text to assist you,, what would be the appropriate critical at the .05 level of significance, given the following test situation: Test based upon two independent samples; 11 cases in one sample and 19 cases in the other

Back 43

2.048

Front 44

using Appendix B in your text to assist you, what would be the appropriate critical at the .05 level of significance, given the following test situation: Test based upon two matched or related samples; 22 cases with 22 pre-test scores and 22 post-test scores

Back 44

2.080

Front 45

which of the following hypothesis test procedures involves the notion of pooled variance

Back 45

hypothesis testing with two independent samples

Front 46

SD=Sd/square root of n
is the formula that represents

Back 46

the estimate of the standard error of the mean difference

Front 47

SX1-SX2
is the symbol that represents

Back 47

the estimate of the standard error the difference between means

Front 48

assume that you have conducted a t test with matched samples. Your test is based upon the before and after scores of 15 research participants, and you have selected the .05 level of significance. You have calculated your test statistic and it is equal to 2.010. Using Appendix B to allow you to find the appropriate critical value, which of the following would be the proper interpretation of your results

Back 48

fail to reject the null hypothesis

Front 49

assume that you have conducted a t test with matched samples. Your test is based upon the before and after scores of 15 research participants, and you have selected the .05 level of significance. You have calculated your test statistic; it is equal to 2.216. Using Appendix B to find the appropriate critical value, which of the following would be the proper interpretation of your results

Back 49

reject the null hypothesis, with the knowledge that there is a 5% probability of having made a Type I error

Front 50

assume that you have conducted a t test with independent samples, and you are using the .05 level of significance. One sample involves 16 cases and the other sample involves 13 cases. You have calculated your test statistic; it is equal to 2.311. Using Appendix B to allow you to find the appropriate critical value, which of the following would be the proper interpretation of your results

Back 50

reject the null hypothesis, with the knowledge that there is a 5% probability of having made a Type I error

Front 51

assume that you have conducted a t test with independent samples, and you are using the .01 level of significance. One sample involves 10 cases and the other sample involves 12 cases. You have calculated your test statistic; it is equal to 2.915. Using Appendix B to allow you to find the appropriate critical value, which of the following would be the proper interpretation of your results

Back 51

fail to reject the null hypothesis

Front 52

what are matched and related samples?

Back 52

Samples involving cases or subjects that share certain characteristics in common

Front 53

in the matched/related T-test what does D stand for?

Back 53

it is the mean of the differences between the matched/related samples. In short, it is the mean difference

Front 54

what does the statistical symbol H0 represent

Back 54

H0 is the symbol that represents the null hypo

Front 55

what is the definition of the estimate of the standard error in the case of a t test for related sample means

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It is an estimate of the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of mean differences.

Front 56

how is the estimate of the standard error calculated in the case of a t test for related sample means

Back 56

The standard deviation of the distribution of differences is divided by the square root of n.

Front 57

what does the value of t represent in the t test for related sample means?

Back 57

The t value is the calculated test statistic. It is the ratio that expresses how far the observed mean difference departs from the assumed mean difference of 0 in standard error units.

Front 58

what does the phrase independent samples mean?

Back 58

the samples selected in such a way that the selection of cases or subjects included in one sample has no connection to or influence on the selection of cases or subjects in the other sample.

Front 59

The critical value of t at the .10 level of significance in a one tail test situation will equal the critical value of t for a two tail test at what level of significance?

Back 59

.20

Front 60

The critical value of t at the .10 level of significance in a two tail test situation will equal the critical value of t for a one tail test at what level of significance?

Back 60

.05

Front 61

Which of the following represents a non-directional research hypothesis?

Back 61

the mean(u) of population A is equal to the mean(u) of population B

Front 62

Which of the following represents a directional research hypothesis?

Back 62

the mean(u) of population A is less than the mean(u) of population B

Front 63

Which of the following would require a one tail test?

Back 63

the mean(u) of population A is less than the mean(u) of population B

Front 64

which of the following would require a two tail test?

Back 64

the mean(u) of population A is equal to the mean(u) of population B

Front 65

the power of a statistical test is defined as the ability of a test to

Back 65

reject a null hypothesis when it is false

Front 66

in statistical terms, effect is defined as

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the change in a measurement that is attributable to a treatment condition or a stimulus of some sort

Front 67

the hypothesis that stands in contrast or opposition to the null hypothesis is referred to as the:

Back 67

research hypothesis

Front 68

using Appendix B in your test to assist you, what would be the critical value of t, given a situation in which you were working with a .05 level of significance, 135 degrees of freedom, and a two tail test scenario?

Back 68

1.960

Front 69

using Appendix B in your test to assist you, what would be the critical value of t, given a situation in which you were working with a .05 level of significance, 14 degrees of freedom, and a two tail test scenario?

Back 69

1.761

Front 70

using Appendix C in your test to assist you, what would be the critical value of t, given a situation in which you were working with a .05 level of significance, 14 degrees of freedom, and a one tail test scenario?

Back 70

1.761