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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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observations (such as measurements, genders, survey responses) that have been collected
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data
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a collection of methods for planning studies and experiments, obtaining data, and then organizing, summarizing, presenting, analyzing, interpreting, and drawing conclusions based on the data
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statistics
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the complete collection of all elements (scores, people, measurements, and so on) to be studied; complete in the sense that it includes all subjects to be studied
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population
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the collection of data from every member of the population
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census
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a subcollection of members selected from a population
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sample
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a numerical meausrement describing some characteristic of a population
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parameter
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a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a sample
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statistic
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numbers representing counts or measurements
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quantitative data
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can be separated into different categories that are distinguished by some nonnumeric characteristic
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qualitative data
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when the number of possible values is either a finite number or a countable number
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discrete data
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results from infinitely many possible values that correspond to some continuous scale that covers a range of values without gaps, interruptions, or jumps
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continuous (numerical) data
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characterized by data that consist of names, labels, or categories only; can't be arranged in an ordering scheme (such as low to high)
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nominal level of measurement
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data that can be arranged in some order, but differences between data values either cannot be determined or are meaningless
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ordinal level of measurement
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like the ordinal level, with the additional property that the difference between any two data values is meaningful; data do not have a natural zero starting point
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interval level of measurement
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the interval level with the additional property that there is also a natural zero starting point; for values at this level differences and rations are both meaningful
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ration level of measurement
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