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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the mean of the data?
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The average
to be "mean" is average |
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What is the median?
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The "center" of the data, with half of the numbers above, and half below it.
this one you add them all up and divide |
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What is the mode?
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The common value
mode=most |
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What are outliers?
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numbers that fall far from the rest of the data.
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What is a stemplot?
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remember it looks like:
2l5345 3l2 4l673 5l 6l00 etc. |
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What is a categorical or qualitative variable?
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Those that divide subjects into groups but don't allow any sort of mathematcial operations to be performed on the data.
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What are the variables for which the responses are meaningful numeric values?
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Measurement variables
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What are nominal variables?
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categorical variables for which the categories don't have a natural odering. (eye color ethnicity, home state)
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ordinal variables
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categorical variables for which the categories have a natural odering. (classification (fresh. soph. junior. senior.) likert scale (strongly disagree, somewhat disagree.etc.
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what are interval variables?
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measurement variable for which differences are consistent, but ratios are not.
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What are ratio variables?
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measurement variables for which ratios are consistant...age, height, distance, number of chairs in a room
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What is a descrete measurement variable?
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one with a countable number of possible responses
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What is a continuous measurement variable?
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one that may assume any number in some interval.
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What are some types of bias in a question?
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asking the uninformed, ordering of questions, unnecessary complexity
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What is variability?
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discrepancies between repeated measurements
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Validity vs. reliability?
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valid: measures what is intended to measure.
reliable:gives approx. the same result when repeated on the same subject. |
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confidentiality vs. anonymity
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confidential: respondents identities are known but protected.
Anonymous: respondents identities are unknown |
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What is a unit?
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asingle individual or object.
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What is a population?
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a collection of all units of interest
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What is a sample?
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a collection of units upon which we actually take the measure ments
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How do you get a stratified random sample?
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divide the population into groups (strata) and then collect a simple random sample from each group
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How do you get a CLUSTER SAMPLE?
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dvide population into groups (clusters). Take a simple random cample of clusters and measure all units within the selected clusters.
Every subject from SOME groups. |
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What is systematic sampling?
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select units from teh frame according to a set pattern. Every 10th person, etc.
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What is multi-stage sampling?
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combines two or more procedures
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What is a response variable (RESP)?
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primary measurement of interest. Usually a study considers one RESP
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What is a confounding variable?
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a variable that is relate to both the EXPL and the RESP. It is an extraneous difference int eh groups.
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What is an interacting variable?
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a variable that interacts with the EXPL and changes thw ay the groups compare with respect to the RESP.
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If you are comparing two groups, you compare them based on the RESP, the group is the EXPL....
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for example. You compare alcholocis....RESP. They are divorced or married....EXPL
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