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43 Cards in this Set

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What time frame in a child's life has the most rapid growth changes?
The first year (birth-12months)
What is the average wieght an infant gains per month, the first 5 months?
1.5 pounds; And infant should double their birth wieght by 4-6 months, and triple it by a year.
What is the average apical heart rate for a 2 month old?
120 beats per min.
What is the average respirations and BP of a 12month old?
30 breaths per min. and 90/60 BP
At what month of development should an infant perform the following stages of development? *Holds head up, *holds head up steadily to a 90 deg. angle, *blanaces head, * sits up easily w/o support and crawls, * creeping, * standing wiht support and walking?
Holds head up- 2 months, *holds head up steadily to a 90 deg. angle- 4months, *blanaces head 6months, * sits up easily w/o support and crawls- 7 months, * creeping- 9 months, * standing wiht support and walking- 8-15months
When does teething begin?
5-6 months
What are some comman signs of teething?
When do symptoms appear relevant to when the tooth appears?
irratibility, red, swollen gums, excesive drool, changes in stool. Symptoms begin 3-4 weeks before the tooth appears.
How to you perform oral hygiene on an infant?
Offer sips of cler water, and wipe/massage the infants gums, begin tooth brushing after the first teeth appear.
According to Erickson, what stage of psychosocial development are Infants in?
Basic trust v. mistrust
According to Piget, what stage are infants in? How do infants develop cognitive and intellectual skills?
According to Piaget, infants are in the sensorimotor stage from birth to about age 2. At this stage infants learn by using their senses (taste, smell, touch), they need to explore and interact; knowledgeoccurs primarily through sensory impressions and motor activites.
What must take place inorder for an infant to speak?
Their enviroment must provide a means for them to develop language skills, infants will not speak spontaneously.
The rate of speech _______ from child to child, and is directly related to ________ ______ and ___________ ______. (Fill in the blanks)
The rate of speech varies form child to child and is directly related to neurologic competance and intellectual development; A certain amount of development must occur neurologically before an infatn can speak.
What is the best form of nutrition for infants?
Breast milk, commercially prepared formula is also acceptable, but breast milk is best, it provides passive immunity, breast milk/formula is sufficent nutrition for the first 6 months of life.
What foods, that are frequently identified as allergy-producing substances, should be avoided the first 6 months of life?
citrus fruits, egg whites, and wheat flour
What are the general rules for introducing solid foods to an infant?
Introduce one new food at a time, starting with fortified cerals, then fruit and vegetables, and meats lastly.
The average newborn and infant sleeps _____
18-24 hours/day
By ___ months, an infant's individual sleep patterns emerge.
3
By the end of the first year, infants sleep ____ hours/night and take ___ nap/day.
12 hours/night, 1 nap/day
Play is extremely important in order for an infant to
Play is extremely important in order for an infant to learn.
What is the leading cause of injury and death in infants and young children ?
Accidents are the leading COD in infants in young children, this includes MVA, suffication, aspiration, and burns.
In the early toddler years, what does their physical apperance look like?
Toddlers appear top heavy as a result of their body porportions, but by the end of the toddler years (around 3) they have a more porportionate apperance.
Toddlers have an _________ lumbar lordosis and proturding __________.
Toddlers have an exageratted lumbar lordosis and protruding abdomen.
At what age are all the deciduous teeth present? How many are there?
By age 2.5 all 20 deciduous teeth are present
What are the average vital signs for a toddler?
Pulse: 90-100 beats per minute; BP 100-80 / 64, Temp, 98-100 degrees/F, Resp 20-30 breaths per minute.
What milestones in neuromuscular development should a toddler have?
walking, climbing, hopping, running, pulling, holding on tight. Toddlers shoudl also be able to scribble and copy a circle.
At what age do children reach the physiologic or psychological maturity neccessary to be toilet trained?
18-24 months
While toilet training, night time control and controll over stools _________________.
may be acheived after daytime controll and controll of urine.
When toilet training, Success should be ________ and accidents should be __________.
Success should be praised and accidents should be ignored.
Accorsing to Erikson, toddlers are in what stage of psychosocial developmet?
Autonomy v. shame and doubt, (between 18months-3 years), now is an opportunity to build self esteem. Terrible twos, defiance, temper tantrums, and stubborness also appear. Feelings of shame and insecurity can result in an inability to learn certain skills.
Toddlers use the word "no" to gain a sense of
controll.
Toddlers have _______ behavior and ________ rituals.
Toddlers have ritualistic behavior and repetative rituals.
According to Piaget toddlers are in what stage of developmet?
The end stage of sensorimotor development (12-24months)
Because a toddler is in a preoperational thought stage, they are focusing on using language as ____________.
A tool to meet their needs. Toddlers have the emerging ability to think mentally. Toddlers are constantly absobing new ideas, widening their cognitive world and expanding their memory.
Toddlers can think about ______ and make their ________________.
Toddlers can think about thier actions and make their will known to their caregivers.
How do toddlers identify objects?
By use
By 2.5 years of age, the average vocabulary consists if _______ words.
450
By what age can a child answer questions, use breif sentences and recite television commercials.
3.5
A toddler should have ___ serving of meat, ____ or more of veggetables, and at least ___ servings of fruit. cereal, or bread.
1 serving of meat, 2 or more servings of veggetables, and at least 2 servings of fruit, cereal, or bread.
A toddler should have ____ ounces of milk per day.
24 ounces of milk per day,
How much sleep does a toddler require?
12 hours at night, and a daytime nap.
Toddlers experience ________ play.
Parallel play, plays along side others, but not with peers.
Running, jumping, and climbing help develop a toddlers growing _____________________.
Bones and muscles.
More than half of all childhood deaths are caused by____________`_.
Accidents, many of which are MVA.