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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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release of energy |
exergonic |
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acquire energy |
endergonic |
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energy coupling |
use energy from exergonic rxns to drive endergonic rnxs |
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hydrolysis of ATP produces |
ADP ~ phosphate group ~ energy |
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bonds from phosphate groups are |
unstables ~ easily break |
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phosphorylation |
transfer phosphate group from ATP to another molecule |
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cellular work depends on |
ATP energising molecules through phosphorylation |
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how do enzymes work |
lowering activation energy barrier |
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activation energy |
required energy for rxns to proceed |
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Steps of enzyme at work |
1. Substrate attaches to active site 2. Substrate converted to products 3. Products release |
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types of inhibitors |
competitive and non competitive |
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Define competitive inhibitor |
Positions in active site |
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Define non-competitive inhibitor |
attaches to enzyme |
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Feedback inhibition |
final product acts as inhibitor to the first enzyme |
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three stages of cellular respiration |
glycolysis, krebs cycle, electron transport chain |
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where does glycolysis take place |
cytosol |
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where does other two stages takes place |
mitochondria |
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Chemical equation for cellular respiration |
glucose + 6O2 ~ 6CO2 + 6H20 + energy |
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1st stage |
Glycolysis |
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Meaning of glycolysis |
glyco - sweet ~ lysis - split |
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#ATPs and #NADHs produced |
2, 2 |
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Does glycolysis require oxygen |
Nope, anaerobic |
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2nd stage |
Krebs cycle |
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summary of glycolysis |
glucose down to 2 pyruvates |
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process that converts pyruvates to acetyl CoA |
pyruvate oxidation |
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4 carbon molecule |
oxaloacetic acid |
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6 carbon molecule |
acetic acid |
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What happens carbon cleaved off |
Becomes CO2 |
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# of yeah produces in citric cycle |
2 ATPs, 6 NADH, 2FADH2 |
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Total yeah produced |
4 ATPs, 10 NADH, 2 FADH2, 6CO2s |
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3rd stage |
Electron transport chain |
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difference of brown and white fat |
brown fat only produce heat |
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where is brown fat more prevalent |
women, thinner, colder area |
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why number of ATPs are not exact |
1. Yield depends on supply of oxygen 2. energy from H+ maybe used for other reasons aside from ATP production 3. NADH in glycosis pass electrons either to NADH or FADH |
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Where O2 and CO2 found |
O2 as final electron acceptor and CO2 in pyruvates oxidation and citric cycle |
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fermentation provides provides
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anaerobic path for recycling NADH back to NAD + |
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Types of anaerobes |
facultative ~ obligate |
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facultative |
make ATP by oxidative phosphorylation or fermentation |
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obligate |
require anaerobic conditions, poisoned with oxygen |
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Rate of glucose consumption needed from aerobic to anaerobic |
16 times |
