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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Narrowing of a cerebral artery causing decreased blood flow; calcium channel blockers can be taken to treat this:
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Vasospasms
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How long does an episode of neurological dysfunction that accompanies TIA usually last?
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A few minutes to less than 24 hours
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People having strokes will most likely demonstrate problems in these two areas:
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Speech and motor
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Procedure that prevents strokes in patients with carotid stenosis by opening up the carotid artery to increase blood flow:
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Endarterectomy
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How are AV malformations and berry aneurysms surgically treated?
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Clamping or sealing the weakened area
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Main thrombolytic given for ischemic strokes in the Central Florida area; given systemically:
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t-PA
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These drugs are controversially used for someone with a TIA warning stroke to prevent recurrent strokes (keeps platelets slippery):
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Anticoagulants
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Antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs like Plavix, aspirin, and Ticlid should warrant monitoring the patient for this:
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Bleeding
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Position in which there is rigid extension of the arms and legs, pronation of the arms, and plantar flexion of the feet; seen in brainstem dysfunction:
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Decerebrate posturing
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Which hospital team member can work with the stroke patient to help with their ability to eat and drink?
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Speech therapist
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When one can understand speech but cannot answer:
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Expressive aphasia
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Do embolic strokes occur slowly or do they have a sudden, rapid onset?
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Sudden, rapid onset
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What is the window period, after a stroke, for giving thrombolytics?
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3 hours
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When the extremities all go to one side; the patient doesn't have the ability to hold them up:
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Flaccid paralysis
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This heart rhythm puts people at risk for an embolic stroke:
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Atrial fibrillation
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The (higher, lower) the Glascow Coma Scale number, the better; this number is the best:
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The higher the number the better; 15 is the best
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Where will the patient feel pressure when an arterial catheter for a carotid artery angioplasty is inserted?
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Groin
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Slurred speech due to decreased muscle control of the tongue; may also have swallowing problems:
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Dysarthia
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When a thrombus occludes a vessel, what happens?
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Decreased or absent blood flow to the area, causing ischemia
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Type of stroke that causes cerebral tissue damage due to bleeding; can occur from a ruptured aneurysm, ruptured AV malformation, or severe HTN:
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Hemorrhagic
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A weakened area on a cerebral blood vessel that is often congenital and often ruptures during activity:
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Aneurysm
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An increased amount of CSF within the brain that causes increased intracranial pressure:
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Hydrocephalus
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Post-op from a carotid artery angioplasty, how should the patient's leg be positioned?
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Straight and immobile
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Most people use this brain hemisphere for language skills, math skills, and analytical thinking:
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Left
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True or false: Subtle changes can be a big deal in someone possibly having a stroke.
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True
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Type of ischemic stroke that occurs due to movement of a clot from another area, causing blockage in a cerebral artery:
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Embolic
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When someone can talk but words don't make sense to them; no understanding of written or spoken word:
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Receptive aphasia
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Would increased or decreased BP for long periods of time put someone at greater risk for an aneurysm?
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Increased
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Describe Act FAST in relation to stroke symptoms:
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Face
Arms Speech Time |
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Disruption of blood flow in or out of the brain will cause this:
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Cerebral tissue death
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Weakness on one side of the body:
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Hemiparesis
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What part of the body do motor nerve fibers cross before going to the spinal cord?
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Midline
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What is the priority intervention to monitor when a patient presents with a stroke?
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Airway (ABC's)
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The brain has the ability to do this so that blood flow in and out of it is maintained:
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Autoregulation
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Word for difficulty with writing:
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Agraphia
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True or false: Brain attacks are not considered a medical emergency.
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False
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Most strokes are of this type; includes both thrombotic and embolic:
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Ischemic
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Why should a stroke patient's head be kept in straight alignment?
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To keep blood flow to and from the brain unobstructed
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What does thrombolytic therapy do for patients suffering from embolic or thrombotic strokes?
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Dissolves the clot and reestablishes blood flow
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True or false: Several lab tests are available to confirm a stroke diagnosis.
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False - no lab tests can confirm a stroke diagnosis
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Brain blood flow in this direction carries oxygen and glucose; blood flow in this direction carries metabolic wastes, CO2, and lactic acid:
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Into the brain; out of the brain
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What is the most important imaging test done to identify cerebral hemorrhage and other neuro problems?
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CT scan
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Paralysis on one side of the body:
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Hemiplegia
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The goal is to have a CT scan done and read in ___ minutes:
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45
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This procedure is done to visualize cerebral circulation; can identify aneurysms, injuries, occulsuions, tumors, and AV malformations:
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Carotid artery angioplasty
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Because unusual posturing can be a sign of neurological deterioration, when would you notify the physician?
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Immediately
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When an embolic stroke occurs, what happens to cerebral blood flow?
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Decreases or becomes absent, resulting in ischemia
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Stroke victims often get this, which means that they forget that one side of their body is there:
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Neglect syndrome
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These types of aneurysms often occur where blood vessels bifurcate; burst upon activity like sex or childbirth:
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Berry
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A spaghetti-like tangle of blood vessels with abnormal blood flow between arteries and veins; develop from conception:
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AV malformation
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What type of strokes are thrombolytic drugs used for ONLY?
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Ischemic
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True of false: It is not uncommon for someone to be unaware that they have a cerebral aneurysm.
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True
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Word for reading problems:
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Alexia, dyslexia
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The inability to use or comprehend language:
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Aphasia
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What does treatment for stroke depend on?
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Type of stroke the person had
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Contractures, or lack of movement, in a joint:
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Spastic paralysis
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Dilated or non-reactive pupils are a sign of neurological deterioration and when should the physician be notified?
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Immediately
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Do thrombotic strokes occur suddenly or do they typically have a slower onset? Why?
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Slow onset - it takes time for plaque to build up in the vessel and break off
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After dilated, fixed, or non-reactive pupils are discovered, how long do you have to intervene before stroke damage becomes permanent?
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15 minutes
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Right hemisphere problems mean paralysis on this side of the body; left hemisphere problems occur on this side of the body:
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Left; right
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Type of ischemic stroke that occurs due to rupture of plaque and results in clot formation due to atherosclerotic changes to the walls of cerebral vessels:
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Thrombotic
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A precursor, or warning sign, that someone may develop an ischemic stroke in the near future - should NEVER be ignored!
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TIA
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Position in which the arms, wrists, and fingers flex with internal rotation; see in neurological damage:
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Decorticate posturing
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Occurs when there is blood flow that leaks past an obstruction in a vessel; can be stroke or MI-related:
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Collateral circulation
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A very important question to ask when assessing someone who appears to have had a stroke:
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When was their last time normal?
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A standardized test that allows for rapid neurological assessment:
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Glascow Coma Scale
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What are the three scoring areas for the adult Glascow Coma Scale?
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Eye opening, motor response, verbal response
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Hemorrhagic strokes due to BP increase are on the rise because of abuse of this drug:
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Cocaine
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