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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Blood clot that forms in and obstructs a vessel or
forms in a heart chamber. |
Thrombus
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Undissolved material carried by blood and impacted in some part of the vascular system
Can be air fat thrombus etc. |
Embolus
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Oral anticoagulants :time frame necessary for onset of action.
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3-5 days
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Most common adverse effect of oral anticoagulants.
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Bleeding
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Oral anticoagulants are contraindicated in
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Pregnancy
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Warfarin
& Related Anticoagulants are primarily used in the long term Tx of Pts who have what condition: 3ct |
~DVT
~A-Fib ~Artificial Valves. Nm Rx? |
Warfarin
& Related Anticoagulants |
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The dosage of oral anticoagulants to be given is based on the patient's
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Prothrombin time (PT).
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For most indications
a lab INR # of __ to __ is recommended |
2 to 3
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The antidote for oral anticoagulants.
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Vitamin K
Rx Name? |
Phytonadione
(Phyto) |
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Inactivates clotting factors by potentiating the activity of an endogenous anticoagulant called antithrombin III which is the most powerful endogenous inhibitor of thrombin.
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Heparin
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Inactivates active factor X
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LMWH
Specific Rx Nm? |
Enoxaparin
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Enoxaparin maximal effect occurs when?
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3-5 hours after injection
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Heparin Dosing
is generally determined by monitoring what Lab Test |
aPTT
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Heparin Half life
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90 min
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The dosage of heparin is generally determined by monitoring the aptt; dosage is considered adequate when the aptt is
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1.5 to 2 times normal
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LMWH
-Is as effective as Heparin for tx of (2 things) and -Preferred as Initial Tx because of (2 things) |
DVT
& PE -Predictable Pharmacokinetics -No Monitoring. What Rx |
LMWH
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Most common adverse effects of parenteral anticoagulants.
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-Bleeding
-Thrombocytopenia -Hyperkalemia Side Effects for for what type of Rx-s |
parenteral anticoagulants.
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Occurs in about 25% of patients treated with heparin
is caused by a direct interaction between heparin and platelets leading to platelet aggregation |
Type I HIT
Pts Tx-ed w/ ________Rx causes a direct interaction leading to ______ _______ |
patients treated with heparin
is caused by a direct interaction between heparin and platelets leading to platelet aggregation |
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~Much less common
but more serious condition caused by: -Immunoglobulin-mediated platelet inactivation and -has a high risk of thrombotic complications and -mortality. |
Type II HIT
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-Immunoglobulin-mediated platelet inactivation
and -has a high risk of thrombotic complications |
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Indicated for treatment of:
-Acute thromboembolic disorders including -peripheral embolism -pulmonary embolism -venous thrombosis -coagulopathies such as -disseminated intravascular coagulation. |
Parenteral anticoagulants.
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Used prophylactically to prevent clotting in:
-arterial surgery -heart surgery -blood transfusions -Renal dialysis -Blood sample collection Also used to prevent: -Embolization of thrombi in Pt-s w acute Atrial Fibrillation. |
Parenteral Anticoagulants
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Used to prevent:
~Venous thromboembolism.... associated with: -abdominal surgery -knee -hip replacements ~also are approved to prevent ischemic complications of -unstable angina or -non-ST segment elevation MI. |
LMWH
Used to prevent: 7ct |
~Venous thromboembolism....
associated with: -abdominal surgery -knee replacements -hip replacements ~also are approved to prevent ischemic complications of -unstable angina or -non-ST segment elevation MI. |
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Antidote for heparin-induced bleeding.
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Protamine sulfate
Is the Antidote for? |
Heparin-induced bleeding.
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1mg of protamine neutralizes approximately ???
Of heparin sulfate |
100 units
Name the formula: _ mg ______ neutralizes ___units ______ ______ |
1mg Protamine neutralizes = 100 Units Heparin Sulfate
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Prevents all types of:
-Arterial thrombosis -cardiac damage in MI -strokes -TIA -Also Tx-s Chronic Limb Ischemia. |
ASA
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Alternative anti-platelet drugs to aspirin.
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Clopidogrel and ticlopidine
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Administered I.V. to degrade an existing thrombus
NM Class Nm Rx (2ct) |
Fibrinolytic drugs
-Streptokinase & -Alteplase to degrade an existing thrombus Administer by? |
I.V.
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ST segment elevation MI
these drugs are the primary means of restoring coronary blood flow in hospitals w/o facilities for angioplasty. Rx Class 2 Rx-s |
Fibrinolytic drugs
-Streptokinase & -Alteplase |
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Protein obtained from streptococci
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Streptokinase
obtained from? |
streptococci
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Recombinant forms of human tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)
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Alteplase
Is what Type of Rx? |
Recombinant forms of
Human Tissue Plasminogen Activator (t-PA) |
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Principal adverse effects of
-Fibrinolytic Rx-s |
-Hemorrhage
-Reperfusion Arrhythmias ~Streptokinase can cause various Hypersensitivity Reactions ie: -Anaphylactic Shock |
Principal adverse effects of
-Fibrinolytic Rx-s |
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Advantages of tpa over streptokinase
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-Less Bleeding
-More Fibrin Specificity -Less Allergic Reactions Advantages of:? |
~ tPA
over - Streptokinase tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) |