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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name 5 PHYSIOLOGICAL factors that can effect performance. |
-strength -skill -routine -health -use of drugs -fatigue |
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PSYCHOLOGICAL factors affect what aspect of the performer? |
a) Mental Health b) Physical Health |
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Why is it important for the athlete and coach to set goals for sporting performance? |
1) Gives the athlete something to strive towards 2) Helps to focus the athlete in training |
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What are the 2 basic types of goals? |
1) Outcome Goal 2) Performance Goal |
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What is the purpose of a PERFORMANCE goal? (give 3 examples) |
- Personal standards to be achieved - No comparison to other performers - Compare yourself to past achievements - Set based on what you would like to achieve |
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Give 2 examples of a PERFORMANCE goal |
1) Run PB time in 100m 2) Score 20 goals in a football season 3) Make 90% of tackles in rugby similar answers also accepted |
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Define an OUTCOME goal |
An outcome goal is a goal based on the end result of competition. ie. qualifying for a team winning a gold medal |
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What does each letter stand for in a SMART target? |
Specific Measurable Agreed Realistic Time-bound |
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Define motivation |
The drive or determination to succeed |
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Define INTRINSIC MOTIVATION and what it does. Give an example |
The drive that comes from within - develops personal pride - self-esteem increases ie. to beat PE for enjoyment of playing sport become a better player (increase skill levels) |
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Define EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION? Give an example. |
The drive to perform well or win for external rewards ie. to win a medal/certificate money/sponsorship deals or insentives praise or feedback from a coach |
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Define AROUSAL |
arousal = a physical and mental state of readiness to perform. Varying from sleepy, lothargic levels to intense excitement or alertness. |
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What does the inverted U theory state? |
It states that there is an optimal level of arousal to compete to the best of our ability |
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Gross movement type skills require what level of arousal and why? |
Gross movements require higher levels of arousal because... - mind/body needs to be alert for bigger muscular movements - these require speed, strength, endurance etc... |
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What are the 3 stress management techniques used to manage arousal levels? |
1) Deep breathing 2) Positive self-talk (cognitive) 3) Mental rehearsal (cognitive) |
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Define positive self-talk and the purpose of it |
Positive self talk is a cognitive relaxation technique involving developing positive thoughts about your performance. - reduces arousal - takes away negativity |
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What are the two personality types? |
1) INTROVERTS 2) EXTROVERTS |
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What characteristics are suited to an introvert? |
- quieter - shy - risk assessors - passive (more reserved) |
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What type of sports are extroverts more suited to? |
- team sports (hockey, rugby, football) - fast paced - interact with other people - gross movement |
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How many types of aggression are there and what are they? |
There are two types of aggression 1- Direct aggression 2- Indirect aggression |
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What is the difference between indirect aggression and direct aggression? |
Direct= aggression aimed at opponents, involves physical contact ie. tackle in rugby Indirect = aggression directed through an object, no physical contact with opponents ie. smash shot in badminton |
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How many types of guidance are there and what are they? |
Visual - performer sees what to do Verbal - describes how to perform a skill Manual - coach physically moves performer Mechanical - objects or aid used to assist |
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What is a disadvantage of manual guidance? |
- Performer looses feel for movement - Can feel different when someone else is moving you - Performer may not think they are actually performing the skill themselves. |
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Define Guidance |
Guidance is a method of conveying information to a performer. |
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How many stages are there to information processing, what are they? |
1- Input 2- Decision Making 3- Output 4- Feedback |
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What sources is information recieved from? |
- Sight - Sound - Touch - Intuition (performers 6th sense) |
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Define selective attention. What stage of information processing does SELECTIVE ATTENTION occur? |
Selective attention = where the performer filters out the irrelevant information to focus on the key cues. |
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Define input |
Input = data recieved from the display |
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Information is stored where? |
In our memory |
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Data from the INPUT is then...? |
a) analysed b) appropriate response selected *this means you access similar memories from past experiences and choose the appropriate response |
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Define your short term memory |
The place where information is initially stored |
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How many pieces of information can your short term memory hold and for how long? |
It can hold 7 pieces of information for approximately 60 seconds |
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What must occur for a piece of information to be stored in your long term memory? |
It must be repeated or rehearsed |
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Define long term memory |
Your long term memory is a store of well-learned past experiences |
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What is the capacity of your long term memory? |
CAPACITY = unlimited and can hold information for a long time |
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What is stage 3 of information processing? |
Output |
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What happens during the stage of output? |
The previous decision is acted on - information is sent from the brain to the working muscles via the CNS to carry out the selected response` |
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What is stage 4 of the information processing system? |
Feedback |
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Define feedback |
the information a performer recieves about their performance. feedback can be given during and/or after a performance |
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What is intrinsic feedback? |
Recieved from own senses, emotions or thoughts. Inclues kinaethetic feedback which comes from receptors in own muscles and tells you how the movement physically felt |
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Define extrinsic feedback |
Recieved from external sources such as the coach, spectators or video replay |
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State 2 facts regarding DEEP BREATHING |
- breathing rate can increase before competition - take slow, deep breathes helps breathing to return to normal rate - helps increase O2 to brain - Reduce stress and anxiety |
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What can a COGNATIVE TECHNIQUE do? |
It can change the way a person thinks they behave |
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How many types of mental imagery are there? Define these types |
INTERNAT IMAGERY - see yourself perform from own perspective EXTERNAL IMAGERY - see yourself perform from outside of your body |
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True or False - positive self talk gives confidence to the performer? |
TRUE |
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Define INFORMATION PROCESSING |
the process by which a sports performer goes through when they make and acton decisions |
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What is a gross movement? Give an example |
A gross movement involves large muscle groups. They are combined to perform bigger, more explosive movements ie. Tripple Jump Phases or Rugby Tackle |
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What type of muscles do fine movements require and why? |
Fine movements require use of smaller muscles to complete small, precise movements |
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Give an example sport where FINE MOVEMENT is used |
Snooker |
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What is the difference between a SELF-PACED skill and an EXTERNALLY-PACED skill? |
SELF-PACED SKILL - The performer decides when to initiate the skill. They controll the speed, rate or pace of the skill EXTERNALLY PACED SKILL - Skills started in response to an external factor. Speed, pace of skill execution decided by oponent |
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Give an example for an externally paced skill |
General play in badminton - Have to react to opponents shot to determine what shot you will play |
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What is an open skill |
An open skill is a skill that is performed somewhere that the environment is always changing |
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What is the difference between an open and a closed skill? |
In a closed same the environment does not changed whereas it does in an open skill ie. weather conditions, movement of team mates etc... |
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Give an example sport of a CLOSED SKILL |
DIVING - height of platform does not change - depth of water stays roughly the same |
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Do closed skills apply more to open or closed skills? |
OPEN SKILLS |
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Define a BASIC SKILL |
A simple skill with minimal co-ordination and concentration ie. throwing/catching |
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What must you be able to do before performing COMPLEX skills? |
you MUST be able to perform basic skills before learning complex skills |
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Define a COMPLEX skill |
A skill that takes a long time to learn as involves high levels of co-ordination and concentration |
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What is a SKILL? |
A skill is an action that can be learnt and perfomed efficiently and consistantly with a similar outcome every time |
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What is used to measure classification of a skill? |
A continuum |
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Define an ability |
Something you are born with (inherit) and is a relatively stable trait. It effects a persons potential or to improve a certain skill |
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How many types of feedback are there? |
6 |
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What is positive feedback? |
Positive feedback is what was good or correct about performance |
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What is a DISADVANTAGE of positive feedback? |
It can over emphasise making the performance seem better than it actually was |
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Suggest 2 ADVANTAGES of positive feedback |
1) Motivates the athlete 2) Makes them feel successful |
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What is NEGATIVE feedback? |
What was incorrect or bad about the performance |
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Define knowledge of RESULTS |
actual end result of performance ie. where you placed/time gained |
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Define knowledge of PERFORMANCE |
Information on execution of technique |
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What is an advantage of NEGATIVE feedback? |
provides guidance on how skill should be performed correctly |
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State 2 DISADVANTAGES of negative feedback |
1) Too much can demotivate athlete 2) It can become demoralising if used too much - especially on beginers |
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Suggest an advantage of knowledge of RESULTS |
Gives quick measure of success ie. goals scored,% of tackles made |
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What is the fault with knowledge of results? |
It can become demoralising if you didn't achieve target or in situations where there can only be one winner |
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What is an advantage of knowledge of PERFORMANCE |
Gives technical information on how to improve skill |
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State a DISADVANTAGE of knowledge of PERFORMANCE |
- have to understand what went wrong technically which is difficult OR - can be challenging to break down in order to provide detailed feedback |
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What is an advantage of EXTRINSIC feedback? |
beginners need advice on how to improve or develop |
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state a disadvantage of extrinsic feedback |
a qualified or well instructed person would be required to give the feedback |
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Explain an advantage to intrinsic feedback |
can make immediate adjustments |
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What is the disadvantage of intrinsic feedback? |
Requireshigh level of knowledge to know how to correct quickly and efficiently (moreused by experienced) |
