Sport Psych

Front 1

Sport psychology is.... (3)

Back 1

explain, predict and influencing behaviour of individual participants in a sports context

Front 2

2 main goals of sports psych

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improve performance & enhance QOL and personal growth

Front 3

3 roles of sport psychology

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research, teach, consult

Front 4

3 components of personality

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psychological core, typical responses, role-related behaviour

Front 5

5 approaches to understanding personality

Back 5

PTIPS

Front 6

PTIPS

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psychodynamic, trait, interactional, phenomenological, situational

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Big 5 personality traits

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OCEAN

openness

conscientiousness

extraversion

agreeableness

neuroticism

Front 8

2 types of perfectionism

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PSP and ECP

Front 9

PSP

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Personal standards perfectionism: high personal performance standards; high self-oriented achievement striving; adaptive functioning

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ECP

Back 10

Evaluation concern perfectionism: fear of negative social evaluation; excessive self-criticism; poor outcomes and maladjustment

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4 subtypes of perfectionism (Gaudreau & Thompson)

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Pure PCP; Mixed perfectionism; Pure ECP; non-perfectionism

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4C Model (personality; Clough et al)

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Challenge to overcome situations; Control over experiences; Confidence to overcome experiences; Commitment to achieving goals

Front 13

Thematic Apperception Test

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TAT; look at the following pictures and ask yourself who, what, next, etc.; looks at biases due to history & repressions; appraisals

Front 14

Motivation is the ____ and ____ of effort

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direction; intensity

Front 15

Theories of motivation (5)

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Need Achievement Theory

Attribution Theory

Achievement Goal Theory

Competence Motivation Theory

Self Determination Theory

Front 16

Attribution theory made up of 3 components

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Stability, locus of causality, locus of control

Front 17

Achievement Goal Theory: 3 types of goal orientation

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Outcome, Task, Social

Front 18

Self Determination theory assumed 3 psychological needs

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Autonomy, competence, relatedness

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6 levels of motivation of Self Determination theory

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Amotivation, External Regulation, Introjected Regulation, Identified Regulation, Integrated Regulation, Intrinsic Regulation

Front 20

Arousal

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a blend of psychological and physiological activation, varying in intensity along a continuum (energy)

Front 21

Anxiety

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a negative emotional state characterized by feelings of nervousness, worry, and apprehension; tends to be future-oriented

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Stress

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a substantial imbalance between demand and response capability where failure to meet demand has important consequences

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4 stages of stress

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Environmental demand... Perception of demand... Stress response... Behavioural consequences

Front 24

Conditions of social-evaluative threat that elicited the largest cortisol increase effect sizes (3)

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- when performance was videotaped... - when audience was present... - when persons present offering negative social comparison

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2 types of anxiety

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Cognitive (negatively related to performance; voices inside your head)... Somatic (related to performance in an inverted-U parttern; physiological activation)

Front 26

Choking

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a catastrophic deviation from expected performance under pressure

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2 attentional theories for why we choke

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Distraction & self-focus

Front 28

Home-field advantage

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- clear home-field advantage in the regular season (mostly in hockey and basketball; negligible in baseball and football)

- in playoffs, proposed home-field disadvantage; evidence is mixed; seen in baseball and basketball mostly

Front 29

3 ways to intervene our arousal/anxiety

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- reduce the level... distract ourselves from the anxiety... change our relationship with the anxiety itself

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core relational theme

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relationship between athlete and environment

Front 31

core emotions related to sport and exercise

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anger... anxiety... fright... guilt... shame... sadness... envy... jealousy... happiness... pride... relief... hope... love... gratitude... compassion

Front 32

2 types of cognitive appraisal (interpretation of what is happening)

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Primary (evaluation of what is at stake; what happened)... Secondary (evaluation of what can be done; how am I going to cope)

Front 33

3 stress appraisals

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Harm/Loss... Threat... Challenge

Front 34

3 types of stressors in sport (___ vs. ___)

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1. acute vs. chronic... 2. expected vs. unexpected... 3. competitive vs. non-competitive

Front 35

coping

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cognitive and behavioural efforts to manage specific external/internal demands that tax or exceed a person's resources

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3 types of coping strategies

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problem-focused... emotional-focused... avoidance

Front 37

5 emotion regulation strategies

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situation selection... situation modification... attention deployment... cognitive change... response modulation

Front 38

3 characteristics of burnout

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physical exhaustion... devaluation of one's pursuit... reduced sense of accomplishment

Front 39

concentration

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a person's ability to exert deliberate mental effort on what is most important in any given situation

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4 components of concentration

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1. focusing on relevant environment cues... 2. maintaining attentional focus... 3. situational awareness... shifting attentional focus when necessary

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2 types of attentional strategies

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associative and dissociative

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4 categories of positive self-talk

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firing up... confidence... instruction... arousal control

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3 categories of negative self-talk

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worry... disengagement... somatic fatigue

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3 parts of the cognitive triad

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thoughts, feelings, behaviours