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154 Cards in this Set
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What certificates or documents must be on board the aircraft to be considered legal? |
Airworthiness registration Operating limitations Weight and Balance remember A.R.O.W |
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What personal documents must the PIC have on board? |
Valid driver's license Government issued photo ID Pilot certificate Logbook of aircraft the PIC is endorsed to operate |
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How long is a third class medical certificate valid? |
Valid until the end of the 60th calendar month following the date of the medical exam. |
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What is a legacy LSA aircraft? (example) |
Piper Cub meets the 1320lb gross weight |
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What is an E-LSA aircraft? What is an S-LSA aircraft? |
E-LSA is plans built S-LSA is factory-built |
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Where do you find a copy of the Operating Limitations for your aircraft? |
In the POH or on a placard pasted inside the aircraft. |
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Logbook questions... To be "current" what requirements must the pilot meet |
1. Flight review every 24 months 2. 3 takeoffs and landings within 90 days to carry a passenger. |
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What is a flight review? |
1 hour of ground school training 1 hour of flight training each 2 years. |
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What must you do to remain current as a PIC? |
Complete 3 takeoffs and landings every 90 days and a flight review every 2 years. |
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Define an AIRCRAFT Category - Class - Type - Set - |
Cat: Airplane, glider or rotorcraft Clas: single engine or multi engine Typ: make and model Set: similar performance and handling |
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How often is an airframe inspected? |
Once a year |
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How often is the transponder tested? |
Every (2) years |
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What is an AD - (Airworthiness Directive?) |
An AD is issued by the FAA when there is a safety issue. (Sliding chair rail) |
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What is a SD (Safety Directive?) |
S-LSA manufacturers issue SDs that relate to unsafe flight characteristics and must be complied with. |
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What is the minimum fuel requirement for LSA in VFR conditions. |
Enough fuel to fly to firt point with an additional 30 minutes assuming normal cruise. |
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What is the takeoff weight for a legacy - S-LSA or E-LSA aircraft? |
1320 lbs or 600 kg |
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What is the definition of night? |
End of civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight |
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Can a LSA pilot operate in Class B, C and D airspace. |
Yes, if the pilot has logged ground and flight training and has the appropriate endorsement. |
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Define the responsibility and the authority of the pilot. |
The PIC has final authority and is responsible for the safety of the crew and passengers. |
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What is the max allowable time and alcohol content allowed |
A crewmember must wait 8 hours and blood ETOH content must be less than .04%. |
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Define an accident: |
Death or serious injury or serious damage to the flight characteristics of the craft. |
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When are safety belts worn? |
Taxi takeoff and landing. |
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WEATHER THEORY What is standard sea level pressure? What is standard sea level temperature? |
29.92 15 degrees C |
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What is the standard lapse rate per 1000 gain in altitude? |
2 Degrees Celcius |
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Is wind shear dangerous? |
Wind shear can occur at anytime at any altitude. |
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What happens when the air temperature and the dew point temperature have a close spread? |
When close in spread fog, clouds or visible moisture can occur. When the temps are equal that result is rain. |
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What are the four main types of fronts? |
Cold Warm Stationary Occluded |
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What happens along a stationary front? |
Warm and cold air masses MEET but do not MIX. |
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What happens along an occluded front? |
There is a combination of cold front weather and warm front weather. |
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What is Clear Air Turbulence CAT? |
This is dangerous unexpected severe turbulence in a upper level temperature inversion. It is dangerous |
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What are the three types of structural icing? |
Clear - pouring from thunderclouds Rime - small drops from stratus clouds Mixed - Combo of clear and rime ice |
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Describe three ways a thunderstorm can occur? |
You must have: Lifting air Unstable lapse rate of 3 or 4 degrees Sufficient water vapor to feed and condense vapor. |
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What does EFAS stand for (channel?) |
En Route Flight Advisory Service 122.0 |
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What does FSS stand for? |
Flight Service Station. |
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What does ATIS stand for? |
Automatic Terminal Info Service - Recorded |
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What does ASOS stand for? |
Automated Surface Observation Service - recorded and is found at most airports. |
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What is the 800 number for weather? What is DUATS and what can you do with it? |
1-800 WX BRIEF With DUATS Direct User Access Terminal System you can get weather and file a flight plan. |
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What is a METAR? Meteorological Terminal Aviation Routine Weather Report |
Current weather updated regularly and applied to a 5 mile radius |
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What is a TAF? |
Terminal Area Forecast. A forecast of conditions for the next 24 hours and applies to a 5 mile radius of the airport updated 4 X per day. |
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What is the CODE for wind shear in a TAF? |
WS |
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What is the code for Area Forecast |
(FA) |
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How many states are covered by the (FA) How often is it updated |
Many states 3 X per day |
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What are the four sections of the Area Forecast (FA?) Communion prepares avoid sin in the clouds. |
Communication/Product Header (date & time) Precautionary Statement (icing or shear) Synopsis (summary of fronts and pressure) VFR clouds/weather ( 12 hr specific and 6 hour outlook for hazards, icing, thunder or shear) |
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A radar summary displays: A visible satellite report displays: |
Areas of precipitation Imagery of clouds |
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What is a Center Weather Advisory |
An advisory for potential hazardous weather within the next 2 hours. |
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What are the minimums for cloud clearance in "E" Airspace |
E 152 1000 above 500 below 2000 horizontally 3 statue miles of visibility |
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How is Class E airspace indicated to the surface? |
By a dashed magenta line or circle |
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How is Class E airspace indicated to 700 feet above ground level? |
A shaded magenta ring |
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Class E airspace is also a Federal Airway - How high can it go? |
Starting at 1200 feet up to 17,999 feet. |
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What are the minimum cloud clearances for Class "G" airspace? |
G 152 1000 above 500 below 2000 horizontally 3 statue miles of visibility |
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What are the minimum cloud clearances for Class "B" airspace? |
Clear of clouds and 3 miles visibility. |
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What are the minimum cloud clearances for C & D Airspace? |
C 152 and D 152 |
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What class airspace requires TOWER clearance before entry? |
Class B Class C & D require two-way radio communication. |
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How do you know you have established two-way communication with the tower? |
The tower responds to your correct call sign. |
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When is a Mode C transponder required? |
Above or up to 10,000 feet in Class B or Class C airspace or within 30 NM of Class B. |
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What are the dimensions of a Class D airspace? |
Surface to 2500 feet AGL and a 5 SM radius. |
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Class C is an upside down wedding cake. What are the dimensions? |
Surface to 4000 MSL with a 5 mile radius then another shelf 1200 feet MSL up to 4000 Feet then outward to 10 NM radius. |
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What is a Prohibited MIL Area What is a Restricted Area What is a Military Operations Area? What is an Alert Area? What is a Warning Area? |
Flight is prohibited in these MIL Areas Invisible hazards like gunnery or missle tests MOA's are usually airbases and allow VFR flight High volumes of military flight activity in this area Usually located offshore WA may be hazardous. |
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What procedure should a pilot use in departure? |
Straight out or with a 45 degree turn after reaching pattern altitude. |
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What type of airspace is surrounded by large Temporary Flight Restrictions? |
Prohibited areas. (like when the President visits or a Shuttle takes off) |
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What info is found in a Airport Facilities Directory? |
Glider or parachute activity |
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What information is found on a Sectional Chart? |
physical geography, roads, tracks, airports, towers and AIRSPACE. |
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How is Class B airspace shown on a chart? |
A heavy blue circular line. |
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How is Class C airspace shown on a chart? |
Solid magenta lines. |
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A chart shows a number written like a fraction, with 40 over 12. What does that mean? |
Airspace extends from 1200 feet MSL to 4000 feet MSL. |
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What does a dashed magenta line indicate? |
Class E airspace extends up from the surface. |
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What does a LIGHT colored magenta shaded line indicate? |
Class E airspace extends up from 700 ft AGL. Outside the line, the E Airspace extends up from 1200 ft AGL |
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How is Class G airspace depicted? |
Class G airspace is not on Sectional Charts. |
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What info is in the Airmen's Information Manual AIM provide? |
Provides info on airport operations, aids, airspace, flight operations and ATC procedures. |
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Where can FAR pilot certification info be found? |
FAR Part 61. |
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Where can FAR airspace and flight rules be found? |
FAR Part 91. |
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What is an Advisory Circular ( A C )? |
Be advised... non regulatory info for pilots mechanics and manufacturers. |
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What is a NOTAM? |
Notice to Airmen. This is info that could affect the decision to make a flight. |
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How is density altitude calculated? |
density altitude = pressure altitude + [120 x (OAT - ISA Temp or 59 degrees )]. |
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What are typical performance charts found in a POH? |
Takeoff/climb, cruise, landing, glide chart and density altitude chart. |
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How does density altitude affect airplane performance? |
Air at high altitude is not as dense...less air less power. The propeller does not develop as much thrust in thinner air. Wing requires more airflow to produce lift. Take off role and climb rate takes LONGER. |
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Define Maximum range. Define Maximum endurance? |
Max distance an aircraft can fly on full fuel. Max TIME an aircraft can fly on full fuel. |
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Define best glide speed. |
Drag cure is the lowest. Yellow arrow for glide. |
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What are factors that affect landing distance. |
Wind speed. Runway surface Weight of the airplane Strong headwind shortens landing distance A heavy aircraft requires more landing distance. |
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How is the CG (center of Gravity) calculated |
M over W (Three fingers M over Three fingers W) Divide moment by Weight to get CG. |
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What part of the aircraft is usually the datum point? |
The FIREWALL or the LEADING EDGE of the wing. |
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Name a characteristic of an AFT CG |
Unstable and may be impossible to recover from a stall or spin. |
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Name a characteristic of a FORWARD CG? |
Higher drag and will stall at a higher stall speed. |
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Why calculate Weight and Balance with both current conditions and with low fuel? |
As fuel burns, the CG moves. Make sure CG stays within limits the entire flight with no or low fuel. |
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Define : Moment. |
Weight of an object multiplied by its arm equals the moment. |
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Define: ARM. |
Arm is the distance from a reference datum to the center of gravity of an item. |
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What if there is no Center of Gravity Moment Envelope in the POH? |
The POH lists a range the CG must fall into. The POH also lists a max gross weight for the aircraft. |
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Finish these two formulas: GS = True Airspeed + GS = True Airspeed - |
GS = True Airspeed + headwind
GS = True Airspeed - Tailwind |
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How do you find appropriate radio frequencies for arrival/departure airports? |
Sectional charts and Airport Facility Directory AF/D. |
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How do you file a VFR flight plan |
Call FSS or file by radio or internet with DUAT. |
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What is the one benefit of avionics for the sport pilot? |
Safety - Also allows for communications with the ground and navigation options. |
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What instruments are pitot driven? |
airspeed indicator, vertical speed indicator and altimeter. |
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Define: 1. Indicated airspeed 2. Calibrated airspeed 3. True airspeed 4. Ground speed |
1. what is read directly from indicator. 2. calibrated by engineers. 3. Indicated airspeed corrected for temperature and pressure 4. actual speed you are moving over the ground |
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What are the different types of altitude? PADIT |
Pressure A = altitude corrected for standard p Absolute A = is your altitude above the terrain Indicated A = What is indicated on altimeter Density A = pressure corrected for nonstandard temperature True A = vertical distance above sea level. |
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How does the vertical speed indicator work? |
This instrument has a diaphragm with a calibrated leak. Expansion and contraction is linked to a indicator |
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How does an altimeter work? |
Changes in pressure allows aneroid wafers to expand and contract. Mechanical gears indicate changes in altitude. |
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How does the airspeed indicator work? |
Ram airspeed minus static pressure from static vents and converts this pressure into indicated airspeed. |
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What errors are magnetic compasses subject to? |
Variation, turning acceleration and oscillation. |
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What is magnetic variation |
East is least...west is best. |
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what is the function of the mixture control? |
Controls amount of fuel going to carb or cylinder. Promotes fuel efficiency and less wear on plugs. |
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How is fuel delivered to the engine/ |
Mechanical fuel pump, fuel injection or gravity flow. |
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How does an ignition system work? |
Dual magneto system is used. The rotating magnet is similar to lawn mower engine magneto that provides spark. |
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How does lift develop on a wing? |
Lift develops because of differing pressures between the upper and lower wing. Lower pressure over the top of the wing provides lift. |
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What is load factor force. |
Loads are measured as G's or G force. A 60 degree bank has a 2G force. |
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What is Va speed? |
Best maneuvering speed. |
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How is YAW corrected. |
Step on the BALL on the turn coordinator or bank indicator. |
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What is the purpose of flaps? |
Flaps create lift and drag. Shorten the takeoff or increase descent angle for landing. |
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what is the best way to recover from spatial disorientation or a graveyard spin? |
Concentrate on the flight instruments and rely on their indications. |
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where do you find all documentation required for airworthiness? |
Location varies. Primarily in a pocket in cockpit. Placards in the cockpit or engine bay area |
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How do you know when to use Left hand or right hand traffic at an unfamiliar airport? |
Contact operating control tower; fly over and observe visual pattern, monitor radio calls, use CTAF and request advice from other pilots. |
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What light gun signal indicates you are cleared to land? |
Steady green. |
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What light gun signal indicates you must stop on the ground? |
Steady red |
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You have lost communication with the tower. You NEED to land. What do you do? |
Check and duplicate traffic flow. Look for light gun signals. Acknowledge signal by rocking your wings. Set transponder to 7600. (Communication emergency) |
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What color is an instruction sign ( Just like a stop sign) |
White letters on a RED background. |
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What color is a taxiway location sign? |
Yellow letters on a BLACK background. ( Just like the YELLOW taxis you see in Chicago) |
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What color are direction signs? |
Black letters on a YELLOW Background. |
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What is the first step when diverting to a new destination? |
TURN to the approximate heading of your NEW destination. |
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What are the important calculations needed for a successful diversion? |
Heading then distance, groundspeed, arrival time, and fuel needed. |
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What are the Five C's if getting lost? |
Climb, Communicate, Confess, Comply Conserve. |
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Spin Recovery. What is P A R E. Explain that. |
Power to idle. Ailerons to neutral Rudder opposite to spin. Elevator to break the stall. |
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Engine Failure. What is A B C D E. Explain that. |
Altitude Best Place to land. Pick it. Checklist. Restart procedure. Declare. Call on 121.5 Egress. Reassure passenger crack open the door. Seatbelts. |
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What instruments fail when the vacuum pump fails? |
Attitude indicator - heading indicator. |
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What instruments fail when the pitot system gets clogged. |
Altimeter ceases. Vertical Speed indicator gives no indication - Airspeed indicator reads zero. |
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Your low voltage light is illuminated. What do you do? |
Land ASAP. You have 15 min of battery life left. |
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A circuit breaker pops. What do you do? |
Push it in. If it repops leave it out. .. as it may result in a electrical fire. |
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What do you do if you lose a magneto in flight. |
Determine the bad magneto, by switching from one to two. Determine the good one and land as soon as possible. |
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What is the inspection period for an ELT |
Every 12 months. |
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When does an ELT need to be replaced? |
After 1 hour cumulative use or 50% of useful life. |
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What channel is the ELT distress signal? |
121.5 |
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How does a BRS (Ballistic Reserve Shoot work?) |
Pilot pulls a lever that ignites a rocket motor. The parachute deploys. Always use the emergency procedures checklist to operate the BRS. |
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What does it mean to be current or what is the requirement to "BE" current? |
Must have 3 take offs and landings within 90 days to be current. |
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What is the difference between an airworthiness certificate and a "SPECIAL" airworthiness certificate? |
Airworthiness: allows for the operation of the aircraft and meets the approve type design Special AW: is a category of Airworthiness such as personal use craft, kit built, experimental, or is restricted for one type of use "patrol" craft. |
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What is a course? |
A line drawn from point A to B on a sectional map. |
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What is a true course? |
A line from point to point using a compass to determine direction in degrees N, S E or W 180, 90 etc. |
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What is magnetic course? |
A corrected course we get from isogonic lines. Subtract going east and add going west. |
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When you use the DEVIATION card next to the airplanes compass...what kind of course is that? |
Compass Course |
Correct the magnetic course to a compass course using the |
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All "courses" become "headings" when you correct what? |
Use a wind correction angle...WCA |
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When you apply the WCA to a "true course" what do you get? |
A "TRUE HEADING" |
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When you apply the WCA to a |
A "MAGNETIC HEADING" |
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When you apply the WCA to a "compass course" what do you get? |
A "COMPASS HEADING" |
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EXAMPLE : If the magnetic course is 30 degrees North you might have to steer a compass course of what? |
28 degrees (two degrees less) |
North and East is least |
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EXAMPLE: If the magnetic course is 270 degrees WEST you might have to steer a compass course of what? |
272 degrees ( two degrees more) |
South and West is BEST |
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What is indicated airspeed? |
Airspeed read directly from airspeed indicator. |
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What is Calibrated airspeed? |
This is indicated airspeed corrected for position & instrument error. |
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What is true airspeed? |
The speed of the aircraft relative to the air mass within which it is flying. |
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What is ground speed? |
Speed of the aircraft over the ground. |
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AV1ATE - What inspections does the airplane need to legally operate?
What does the first "A" stand for ( 3 things inspected) ? |
Annual inspection Airworthiness directives Safety Directives are all met |
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AV1ATE - What does the "V" stand for? |
VOR is inspected every 30 days. |
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AV1ATE - What does the "1" stand for? |
The 100 hour inspection is completed. |
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AV1ATE - What does the second "A" stand for (inspection?) |
Altimeter is inspected every 24 months (So is the Static port) |
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AV1ATE - What does the "T" stand for? |
Transponder is inspected every 24 months. |
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AV1ATE - What does the " E " stand for? |
The ELT is inspected every 12 months. |
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Tomato - Required Equipment for VFR Flight |
T - Tach Rpm O - Oil Pressure M - Manifold - Engine Temp A - Altimeter T - Temp Gauge - Liquid O - Oil Temperature |
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FLAMES - Required Equipment for VFR Flight |
F - Fuel Quantity - Full/Empty L - Landing light A - Airspeed indicator M - Magnetic Compass E - ELT S - Safety Belts Beacon Anti-Collision |
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