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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What Passes posteriorly through the rectal hiatus in the pelvic diaphragm?
Pelvic diaphragm helps to maintain fecal continence and facilitate defecation |
Rectum
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What contains pectinate line and external anal sphincter?
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Anal canal
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What divides the upper 2/3 and lower 1/3 of the anal canal?
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Pectinate line
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What is the tube that conducts urine from the renal pelvis of the kidney to the urinary bladder?
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Ureter
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#Stones commonly lodge at sites where the ureter is constricted:
What 3 locations? |
-At the ureteric junction of the renal pelvis
-As the ureter crosses over the pelvic inlet -Where the ureter enters into the urinary bladder |
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#Collateral circulation to the ureters is provided by branches from several arteries:
What 3 arteries and from where do they branch? |
-Internal Iliac
-Common Iliac -Uterine artery (females only) Direct branches from abdominal aorta |
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What is structure?
-Located in the true pelvis when empty -Expands into the false pelvis when full -Ureters enter on posterior aspect |
Urinary Bladder
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#Urinary Bladder:
What muscle? -Smooth muscle found in the wall of the bladder -Remains relaxed to allow the bladder to store urine -Contracts during urination |
Detrusor Muscle
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#Urinary Bladder:
What is the name of this special region? -Triangular region on the posterior aspect of the interal bladder formed by the two uretral orifices and the internal urethral orifice |
Trigone
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What extends from the internal urethral orifice in the urinary bladder to the genitals?
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Urethra
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#Describe the Interal urethral sphincter
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-Located at the inferior end of the urinary bladder and the proximal end of the urethra
-Continuation of the detrusor muscle (smooth muscle) -Under autonomic control -Sympathetic signalling maintains tonic contraction -Parasympathetic signaling induces relaxation -Primary muscle for prohibiting release of urine from the bladder -Less well defined in females -Functions to prevent reflux of semen into the male bladder during ejaculation |
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What are 4 regions of male urethra?
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-Preprostatic
-Prostatic -Membranous -Penile |
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What are the 2 structures of the prostatic urethra?
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-Seminal colliculus
-Prostatic utricle |
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What is the structure?
-Overlies the urethral crest -Location of drainage of the prostate glands into the prostatic urethra |
# Seminal colliculus
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What is the structure?
-Indentation in the urethra at the apex of the urethral crest, overlying the seminal colliculus -Embryologic remnant, homologue of the female uterus and vagina -Landmark for where the ejaculatory duct enters the prostatic urethra |
# Prostatic Utricle
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What urethral region?
-Seminal colliculus -Prostatic utricle |
Prostatic Urethra
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#What urethral region?
-Inferior to the prostate, in the deep perineal pouch -Bulbourethral glands are found posterior to this region, but drain into the penile urethra |
Membranous
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#What urethral region?
-Runs along the length of the penis -Bulbourethral gland openings in proximal aspect |
Penile (Spongy) Urethra
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What structure?
-Carries sperm from the testis to the epididymis -12-20 of these open individually into the epididymis |
Efferent ducts
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What structure?
-Single highly coiled tube, ~15 cm coiled -Located along the posterior aspect of each testis -Modifies the surface of the sperm and prepares them to become motile once released into the female reproductive tract -Stores sperm prior to ejaculation |
Epididymis
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What structure?
-Transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts -Part of the spermatic cord -Located along the rear of the scrotum |
Ductus (vas) deferens
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#What procedure?
-Procedure involving severing of the vas deferens for the purpose of sterilization -Performed as a minor outpatient surgery due to ease of access of the vas deferens through the posterior of the scrotum |
Vasectomy
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What structure?
-Formed by the union of the vas deferens and the duct of the seminal vesicle, within the prostate gland. -Pass through the prostate and open into the urethra at the seminal colliculus |
Ejaculatory Duct
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What structure?
-Paired simple tubular glands located posteroinferior to the urinary bladder, superolateral to the prostate gland -Contribute ~70% of the fluid component of semen |
Seminal Vesicles
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What structure?
-30-50 tubuloalveolar glands that drain independently into the prostatic urethra -Contributes 30%-75% of the fluid component of semen |
Prostate
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What structure?
-Compound tubuloalveolar glands located posteriolateral to the membranous urethra -Drain into the penile urethra -Produce pre-ejaculate fluid to flush out residual urine or foreign matter in the urethra prior to ejaculation |
Bulbourethral Gland
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What structure?
-Pouch located in the peritoneum between the rectum and the bladder -Formed by a folding of the peritoneum, which overlies the superior aspect of bladder and the anterosuperior aspect of the rectum |
Rectovesical pouch
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Regions within the prostate:
Surrounds the ejaculatory ducts |
Central zone
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Regions within the prostate:
-Surrounds the proximal prostatic urethra -Site of benign prostatic hyperplasia |
Transition zone
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Regions within the prostate:
-Main glands located here -Site of prostate carcinoma -Subcapsular portion of the posterior aspect of the prostate -Surrounds the distal urethra |
Peripheral zone
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Name the cancer:
-Second most frequent cancer in males, sixth leading cause of cancer death in males -Worldwide incidence of ~250,000 -Incidence increases >65 yrs -Primary site is within the peripheral zone of the prostate -Due to posterior location of this zone, a growth here can be readily palpated on digital rectal exam |
Prostate cancer (carcinoma)
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Name the cancer:
-Hyperplasia of prostatic stromal and epithelial cells -Occurs primarily in transition zone of prostate -Can affect storage and voiding of urine due to constriction of the prostatic urethra -Incidence is >75% in males by age 80 |
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
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What structure?
Location of oocyte maturation |
Ovary
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What structure?
-Located posterior and superior to the urinary bladder, superior to the vagina -Hint: has body, fundus, axes |
Uterus
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What region of uterus?
Lateral-inferior pole |
Body
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What region of uterus?
Superior pole |
Fundus
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What structure?
-Transport oocytes from the ovary to the uterus |
Uterine tube (fallopian tube)
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What structure within fallopian tubes?
Segment located most proximal to the ovary |
Infundibulum
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What structure within fallopian tubes?
-Fringe of tissue associated with the infundibulum -Activated by hormones during ovulation to swell and come into contact with the ovary, sweeping the oocyte released during ovulation into the uterine tube |
Fimbrae
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What structure?
Contains Internal Os and External Os |
Cervix
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What structure of Uterus?
Uterine surface of the opening to the uterus |
Internal Os
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What structure of Uterus?
Vaginal surface of the opening to the uterus |
External Os
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What structure contains Fornices?
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Vagina
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What structure?
Deepest portions of the vagina, extending into recesses along the outer border of the vaginal surface of the cervix |
Vaginal fornices
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#What cancer?
-Most common reproductive cancer in females 8th most frequently diagnosed cancer in women, 5th leading cause of cancer related death in women |
Ovarian cancer
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#Name some reproductive cancers in females
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Uterine Cancer
Cervical Cancer Vaginal Cancer Vulval Cancer Tubal cancers (very rare) |
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#What procedure?
-Surgical bifurcation of the perineal body in the female during labor and delivery, performed as prophylaxis against soft-tissue trauma during childbirth |
Episiotomy
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Peritoneum in Female:
What structure? -Created by a folding of the peritoneum between the urinary bladder and the anterior wall of the uterus |
Vesicouterine pouch
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Peritoneum in Female:
What structure? -Created by a folding of the peritoneum between the posterior wall of the uterus and the anterior wall of the rectum |
Rectouterine pouch
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Peritoneum in Female:
What structure? -Fold of the peritoneum connecting the sides of the uterus to the walls of the pelvis |
Broad ligament
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Peritoneum in Female:
What division of broad ligament? -Main lateral extensions to the body wall |
Mesometrium
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Peritoneum in Female:
What division of broad ligament? -Attached to the ovaries |
Mesovarium
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Peritoneum in Female:
What division of broad ligament? -Attached to the utererine tubes |
Mesosalpinx
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Peritoneum in Female:
What structure? -Extends from the lateral aspects of the uterus out to the lateral body wall -Enters the deep inguinal ring lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels |
Round ligament of uterus
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Peritoneum in Female:
-Runs from the ovary to the body wall -Contains the ovarian artery and vein |
Suspensory Ligament of the Ovary
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