Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Where does the spinal cord run from and to? |
Medulla to conus medullaris all the way down to L1 and L2 intervertebral space. |
|
|
It exits as spinal nerves in how many pairs? |
31 pairs |
|
|
What nerves of the spinal cord exist above the vertebrae? |
C1 to C7 |
|
|
Where does c8 exit? |
Below c7 |
|
|
What spinal nerves exist below the vertebrae? |
T1 onwards |
|
|
What is the horse tail? |
Cauda equine |
|
|
What is the cauda equina |
Long spinal nerve roots that connect L1 segments and below to the periphery. |
|
|
How many arteries does the spine have? |
3 |
|
|
What does the anterior spinal artery supply? |
Anterior or central 2/3 of spinal cord |
|
|
What do the two paired posterior arteries of the spine supply? |
DCML and Peripheries of Spinal cord |
|
|
What 2 types of axons are found at each level of the spine? |
Sensory and Motor |
|
|
What will damage at a level of the spinal cord cause? |
Effected sensation and movement in a specific region. |
|
|
C3, C4, C5? |
Diaphragm |
|
|
C5? |
Elbow Flexors |
|
|
C6 |
Wrist extensors |
|
|
C7? |
Elbow extensors |
|
|
C8 |
Finger flexors |
|
|
T1? |
Finger abductors |
|
|
L2 |
Hip flexors |
|
|
L3 |
Knee extensors |
|
|
L4? |
Ankle dorsiflexors |
|
|
L5? |
Long toe extensors |
|
|
S1 |
Ankle plantar flexors |
|
|
What is a dermatome? |
Area of skin supplied by sensory branches from one spinal segment. Or on one side of a single spinal nerve. |
|
|
What is a myotome? |
A part of skeletal muscle supplied by a single spinal cord segment. Or on o es side by a single spinal nerve. |
|
|
What happens if there is damage at a spinal level and corresponding spinal nerve? |
It will affect sensation and movement in a specific region of the body. (L or R) or (both) |
|
|
How are each segments of the spinal cord connected? |
Via sensory and motor axons to a specific part of the body |
|
|
What are muscles innervated by? |
Peripheral nerves from 2 or more spinal segments (but does come from a main level) |
|
|
Injury to the cervical region results in what? |
Tetraplegia or Quadraplegia |
|
|
What is tetraplegia or quadraplegia? |
Use of all 4 limbs affected. |
|
|
Injury to the thoracic, lumbar or sacral region results in what? |
Paraplegia |
|
|
What is paraplegia? |
Use of legs affected |
|
|
What classifies as a complete spinal cord injury (SCI)? |
No evidence of sensory or motor function below the level of lesion. |
|
|
What classifies as an incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI)? |
Some evidence of sensory or motor function below the level of lesion |
|
|
What is white matter made of? |
Myalinated nerve fibers or axons |
|
|
What sites are gray matter involved in? |
Site of connections and site of reflexes |
|
|
Neuron-neuron, interneurons |
Site of connections |
Gray matter |
|
Monosynaptic stretch reflex with reciprocal inhibition |
Site of reflexes |
|
|
Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus (Ascending or descending) |
Ascending |
|
|
Gracile fasciculus (Ascending or descending) |
Ascending |
|
|
Cuneate fasciculus (Ascending or descending) |
Ascending |
|
|
Posterior and anterior spinocerebellar tract (Ascending or descending) |
Ascending |
|
|
What tracts are involved in fractionation of movement and Upper limb flexors? |
Lateral coticospinal and rubrospinal |
|
|
What tracts are involved with neck/ upper back movement, gross limb movement and postural control? |
Medial corticospinal, reticulospinal and vestibulospinal |
|
|
Muscles c1, c2, c3? |
Head and neck |
|
|
Muscles c4 |
Diaphragm |
|
|
Muscles c5 |
Deltoids and biceps |
|
|
Muscles C6? |
Wrist extensors |
|
|
Muscles C7 |
Triceps |
|
|
Muscles C8 |
Hand |
|
|
Muscles T1-T6 |
Chest muscles |
|
|
Muscles t7-t12 |
Abdominals |
|
|
Muscles L1-L5 |
Legs |
|
|
What is the Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus for? |
Conscious discriminative touch, proprioception from fasciculus cuneatus and fasciculus gracilis |
|
|
What is the laterally located fasciculus cuneatus for? |
Upper trunk and arms |
|
|
What is the medially located fasciculus gracilis for? |
Leg and lower trunk |
|
|
What is the lateral spinothalamic tract for? |
Conscious pain and temp (somatotopically organised) |
|
|
What is the spinocerebellar for? |
Subconscious proprioception |
|
|
What is the Lateral corticospinals function? |
Contralateral fractionation of movement (mostly hand) - somatotopically organised |
|
|
What is the anterior corticospinal for? |
Ipsilateral control of neck, shoulder and trunk muscles |
|
|
What is the role of the vestibulospinal and reticulospinal? |
Postural control and gross movement |
|
|
Health conditions of complete lesions of spinal cord injury? |
Space occupying lesion Infection Degeneration Trauma Vascular |
SID TV |
|
Effect of complete spinal lesions of DCML |
Loss of conscious touch, pressure, proprioception bilaterally at level of lesion and below |
|
|
Effect of complete spinal lesions of Lateral Spinothalamic |
Loss of conscious pain and temp bilaterally at the level of lesion and below |
|
|
Effect of complete spinal lesions of Lateral Corticospinal |
Loss of voluntary motor function bilaterally at level of lesion and below |
|
|
Effects of Incomplete lesions of spinal cord for the Anterior cord? |
Loss of voluntary and subconscious movement Sparing of conscious sensation |
|
|
Effects of Incomplete lesions of spinal cord for the central cord |
Loss of upper limb movement and some sensation |
|
|
Effects of Incomplete lesions of spinal cord for the Brown Sequard? |
Ipsilateral loss of strength and proprioception. Contralateral loss of pain/temp |
|
|
Effects of Incomplete lesions of spinal cord for the Posterior Columns? |
Loss of conscious touch, pressure, vibration and proprioception. |
|
|
Effects of Incomplete lesions of spinal cord for the Cauda Equina? |
Loss of sensation, movement (PNS) spinal nerve damage. |
|