Speech Science Exam 1: Week 5 Lesson 1

Front 1

White noise looks...

Back 1

Very steady and level all the way across. All frequencies are present and are equal in amplitude.

Front 2

Frication noise is NOT...

Back 2

Invariant. Regardless of the place of articulation, there will be soem frication noise produced when a stop constriction is released.

Front 3

The spectrum of frication noise varies with the place of

Back 3

constriction. The frequency components are not going to be identical if you articulate a bilabial stop versus an alveolar stop

Front 4

Pink noise and Brown noise do not include_____. They have less _______.

Back 4

all of the frequencies from the lowest to the highest. As you get into the higher frequencies, the noise has been shaped to taper off as you get to the upper end of the spectrum, so there is less high frequency energy in some of these other noise forms

Front 5

Why do noise characteristics vary depending on the place of constriction?

Back 5

There are different resonating cavities on either side of the stop closure which will influence the sounds that are being resonated or attenuated.

Front 6

Bilabial ______ Frequency

Back 6

Lower Frequency

Front 7

Alveolar _________ Frequency

Back 7

Higher Frequency

Front 8

Velar _________ Frequency

Back 8

Mid-Range Frequency

Front 9

With Vowel Formants, f1 and f2 are created by...

Back 9

Resonating Cavities

Front 10

Large organ pipe= _______ Frequency

Small organ pipe=______ Frequency

Back 10

Low, High

Front 11

Passageway for a Billabial Stop

Back 11

No narrow passageway in front of it, instead there is a wide open space in front of the speakers face; results in a low frequency

Front 12

Passageway for a Alveolar Stop

Back 12

Directly in front of alveolar stop is a small space between the lips where the fricative is formed; results in smaller space and there fore higher frequency.

Front 13

Passageway for a Velar Stop

Back 13

Some space in front of the velum but it is inside the oral cavity; resonates mid-frequencies.

Front 14

Can help the listener to identify where the stop was formed

Back 14

Noise characteristic of each of the places of articulation. Sound is shaped by the resonating cavities associated with that place of articulation.

Front 15

Phonetic context

Back 15

Differences in the way that stops are produced (even in same place of articulation) in different positions such as before a vowel and at the end of a syllable and word.

Front 16

Listener hears frication as the stop is released

Back 16

When a stop occurs in the word-final position

Front 17

Stops may not be released in...and therefore it is harder to...

Back 17

casual speech; tell where the closure ends

Front 18

Clearly releasing stops gives more ____ as to the place of articulation and phoneme for non native speakers

Back 18

CUES

Front 19

When a stop is not clearly released, what can we not see on a spectrogram?

Back 19

Missing spectral information contained in the frication which would reveal the place of articulation.

Front 20

Frication of /ata/ Voiceless Stop

Back 20

clear frication, amplitude/strength of signal, darkness of trace=frication lots of energy ie., strong acoustic event

Front 21

Frication of Voiced Stop /ada/

Back 21

Frication doesn't last as long as voiceless stop. Frication is weaker than voiceless stop and acoustic even is not quite as forceful.

Front 22

Aspiration is seen only in _____ and ______

Back 22

VoiceLess stop context, and only when the stop is followed by a vowel (CV context)

Front 23

What happens during aspiration?

Back 23

Vocal folds are beginning to adduct for the vowel that is about to begin. As they come closer together, the air that is moving between them creates turbulence at the glottis which creates a noise.

Front 24

Laryngeal Devoicing Gesture

Back 24

vocal folds have been pulled apart from one another by activating the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles (to produce voiceless stop). Complete seperation of the vocal folds. Occurs as part of aspiration in CV context.

Front 25

Transient and Frication Interval

Back 25

Occurs as part of aspiration in CV context. When voiceless stop is released and air starts to flow as the vocal folds come into position for phonation of the vowel.

Front 26

/ata/ where is the aspiration?

Back 26

comes from the glottis, not the point of constriction. So it is a weaker noise and a relatively soft acoustic event.

Front 27

/ada/ where is the aspiration?

Back 27

There is no aspiration! No aspiration for voiced stop! Vocal folds are already together for immediate oscillation after burst release.

Front 28

Voice Onset Time

Back 28

This is the duration between the release of the closure and the onset of vocal fold vibration.

Front 29

A voiced stop occurs when the voice onset time is ______

Back 29

close to zero

Front 30

Prevoicing or Voicing Lead

Back 30

When there are negative values in voice on set time

Front 31

Voiced stops typically have _____ values that can range between ___ to ___

Back 31

low, -20 to +20 for b, d, g

Front 32

Coordination between the activity of the vocal folds and the vocal tract as it forms constrictions

Back 32

Voice Onset Time

Front 33

What makes the difference between voiced and voiceless stops?

Back 33

Timing between releasing a stop and initiating vocal fold vibration

Front 34

How do we determine that voicing has begun on a spectrogram?

Back 34

1) microphone signal shows regular oscillations, 2) spectrogram shows vertical striations (glottal pulses) also begin

Front 35

What kind of stop is it if the duration of the frication interval (from opening of the stop to the onset of vocal fold vibration) is exactly equivalent to the Voice Onset Time?

Back 35

Voiced stop

Front 36

What kind of stop is it if the duration of the frication interval plus the aspiration equals voice on set time

Back 36

Aspirated Voiceless Stop