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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Focus Group |
__________ are used in market research by sponsoring organizations to survey potential users or the public at large regarding a new product or idea. |
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Symposium |
A discussion format in which participants divide the topic in a manner that allows each member to deliver in-depth information without interruption is called a __________. |
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A discussion format in which audience members are invited to add their comments to those of the official discussants is called a __________. |
Forum |
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Orientation |
When group members become familiar with one another’s position and tentatively volunteer their own, they are in the __________ stage. |
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Problem Census |
In a __________, group members first put ideas on cards, which are then compiled by a leader to identify and generate a comprehensive statement of the issues or problems. |
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Parliamentary procedure |
A session that uses __________ observes specific rules about how topics may be discussed and decisions made. |
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panel discussion |
A discussion format in which participants consider a topic more or less conversationally, without formal procedural rules, which is sometimes facilitated by a moderator is called a __________. |
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Breakout Group |
When the number of members is too large for effective discussion, one strategy is to form subgroups called __________ to simultaneously address an issue and then report back to the group at large. |
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Systematic Problem Solving |
"Reflective Thinking" refers to |
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Cyclical |
Fisher’s four-stage group decision-making process shows that the stages of a problem-solving group are __________. |
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Groupthink |
A group’s collective striving for unanimity that discourages realistic appraisals of alternatives to its chosen decision is called __________. |
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According to most structured problem-solving approaches developed in the last century, which of the following steps should be the first task of a problem-solving group? |
Determine the group's goals |
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__________ is a method for creatively generating ideas in groups by minimizing criticism and encouraging a large quantity of ideas without regard to their workability or ownership by individual members. |
Brainstorming |
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The totality of forces that causes members to feel themselves part of a group and makes them want to remain in that group is called __________. |
Cohesiveness |
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When members in a problem-solving group openly defend their positions and question those of others, they are in the __________ stage. |
Conflict |
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Agreement between group members about a decision is called __________. |
Consensus |
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__________ is a process in which people let go of the notion that their ideas are more correct or superior to others and instead seek to understand an issue from many different perspectives. |
Dialogue |
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When a group moves from conflict toward a single solution, it is in the __________ stage. |
Emergence |
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__________ is a method of problem analysis that identifies the forces contributing to resolution of the problem and the forces that inhibit its resolution |
Force field analysis |
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The decline in efficiency that occurs when there is a shortage of the information that is necessary to operate effectively is called __________. |
Information Underload |
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To include the ideas of all members in a problem-solving session and to let members brainstorm ideas without being attacked, a group might organize itself as a __________. |
Nominal group |
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. __________ involve(s) development of solutions with input by the people who will be affected. |
Forums |
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When group members endorse the decision they have made, they are in the __________ stage. |
Reinforcement |
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Which of the following group formats is best for removing the influence of status differences?
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a. Face-to-face b. Forum c. Online d. Panel discussion e. Symposium |
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Which of the following tasks is most likely to require a group? |
Planning a company's Christmas Party |
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Which of the following tasks is most likely to benefit from group input? |
Deciding where a family should stop for dinner |
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Which of the following groups faces the fewest threats to achieving cohesiveness? |
Bodybuilders at a competition |
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Tanya wants to handle customer services at her gym constructively through dialogue. One of her members, Jon, has started an exercise routine that involves lifting dumbbells while he runs on a treadmill. Tanya is worried that Jon will accidentally hurt himself or someone else in the gym. To address the situation through dialogue, Tanya should __________. |
ask Jon about the safety precautions he's taking |
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The owner of a farm wants his employees to think creatively about a problem facing the farm. He has gathered them for a meeting to decide if buying a new tractor is the best use of the farm’s money. Which of the following options represents an open question he should ask his employees to encourage creativity? |
. "What would be the best use of money for this farm?" |
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Which of the following groups should most easily be able to achieve consensus? |
Union workers voting to authorize a strike |
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Which of the following options is an example of majority control in a group? |
Presidential elections in the United States |
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Which of the following options is an example of expert opinion controlling a group? |
A tour guide leading tourists around a city |
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Which of the following options is an example of minority control in a group? |
A few popular high-schoolers deciding what's "cool" |
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Which of the following options is an example of authority rule over a group? |
A track coach ordering her team to run sprints |
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The members of a fraternity want to form a group to participate in a fundraising event for a local charity. Which of the following options represents a potential problem of information underload for their group's goal of participating in the event? |
Most members haven't checked their schedules to see if they can attend the event. |
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A journalism professor has divided his students into groups of five. Their assignment is to research local news coverage of a controversial issue and give a group presentation on their findings. Which of the following resources is least likely to present a problem of information overload for the groups? |
Cutouts of articles from local newspapers about the issue |
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In Solomon Asch's classic study of groupthink, college students were shown three lines of different lengths and asked to identify which of them matched a fourth line. Although the correct answer was obvious, the experiment was a setup: Asch had instructed all but one member of the experimental groups to vote for the wrong line. As a result, fully one third of the uninformed subjects ignored their own good judgment and voted with the majority. Which of the following options best explains why the study was an illustration of groupthink? |
Some subjects ignored their own good judgment. |
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Which of the following strategies is least likely to encourage participation from quiet members in a group? |
Encourage critical feedback during brainstorming |
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Which of the following strategies is least likely to discourage the effects of groupthink? |
Discouraging all forms of conflict between group members |
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Judy is giving a lecture to a class of 60 students. She asks the students an open-ended question, then divides them into ten subgroups with six students each to discuss the question for five minutes. After five minutes, she calls on each group to summarize its discussion. Which problem-solving format did Judy use? |
Breakout groups |
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Anthony is listening to a member of his group who has proposed an unusual suggestion. Anthony doesn't agree with her, and he's confident that several other group members won't agree, either. If Anthony speaks out against the unusual suggestion and forms a coalition with a few other members, which developmental stage has his group most likely entered? |
Conflict |
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Anthony has spoken out against an unusual suggestion proposed by another member of his group, but his resistance to the idea has softened over the course of group discussion. If Anthony offers to support the unusual suggestion on the condition that some of his ideas are included, too, which developmental stage has his group most likely entered? |
Emergence |
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Sandra owns a chain of restaurants and wants to know which of several possible new menu items would be most enticing to her customers. She invites small groups of customers to sample each of the dishes and give feedback. Which problem-solving format is Sandra using? |
Focus Groups |
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A rural county's board of supervisors is deciding whether to use its funds for the construction of a new school or for repairs to its current schools. All county citizens have been invited to speak about the issue at the board's next meeting. Which problem-solving format is the board using? |
Forum |
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Christine has an unusual suggestion in mind for the problem her group is trying to solve. If she introduces her suggestion cautiously and tentatively in order to assess the other group members' responses, which developmental stage has her group most likely entered? |
Orientation |
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Judy is a journalism professor at a state university. She has been invited, along with journalism professors from several other universities, to participate in a moderated group meeting about problems with anonymous sources that will be open to the public. If she accepts the invitation, which problem-solving format will Judy be participating in? |
a. Breakout group b. Focus group c. Forum d. Panel discussion e. Symposium |
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Sergio has suggestions for several issues that are being discussed at tonight's union meeting. If he has to wait to offer his suggestions until the appropriate time in the meeting's schedule, which problem-solving format is Sergio's union most likely using? |
Parliamentary procedure |
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Anthony disagrees with several minor details of the decision his group has reached, but he recognizes that most members of the group support the decision. If Anthony decides not to start a debate over the details of the decision and begins, instead, to think about how the decision will affect his work in the future, which developmental stage has his group likely entered? |
Reinforcement |
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Judy is a journalism professor at a state university. She has been invited to participate in a group meeting about problems with anonymous sources that will be open to the public. The group will consist of professors from several other fields of study at the university, who will also speak about the issue as it relates to their own subjects. If she accepts the invitation, which problem-solving format will Judy be participating in? |
Symposium |
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The decline in efficiency that occurs when the rate of complexity of material is too great to manage is called __________. |
information overload |
