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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
two reasons for public speaking
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emphasize critical thinking and provide instruction and practice in communication skills that are important in your professional and personal life.
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culture
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integrated systems of learned beliefs, values, behaviors, and norms that include visible (clothing, food) and underlying (core beliefs, worldview) characteristics of a society.
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rhetorical sensitivity
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the ability to adapt to a variety of audiences and settings and to perform appropriately in diverse social situations
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how does culture effect public speaking
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provides core resources, provides technological aids, provides expectations about speaking and listening, and influences culture.
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public speaking influences culture to
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transmit, reinforce, repair, or transform their cultures.
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dialogical theory of communication
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theory proposing that face to face conversation is the prototype that is foundational to all other communication
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transactional model communication
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represents communication as a process in which speakers and listeners work together to create mutual meanings
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process anxiety
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fear or dread specifically related to speaking in public
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performance anxiety
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fear of forgetting or of poorly presenting a speech
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canon of invention
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principles for designing a speech that meets a need of a specific auidence
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organizing your speech
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introduction, speech body, and conclusion
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internal monologue
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self talk
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cognitive modification
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identifying negative thoughts and replacing them with positive ones
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ethical communication
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the conscious decision to speak and listen in ways that you, in light of your cultural ideals, consider right, fair, honest, and helpful to all parties involved
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common responses to diversity
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resistance, assimilation, and accommodation
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resistance
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response to diversity in which you refuse to change and you defend your own positions or attack others
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assimilation
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diversity in which you surrender some or most of your ways and adopt cultural patterns of another group
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accommodation
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response to diversity in which you listen and evaluate the views of others; both sides adapt, modify, and bargain t reach mutual agreements
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cosmopolitan communicators
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communicators who accept and judge others on their own terms
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3 democratic principles for public speaking
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develop a habit of research, be honest and fair, and practice civility.
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plagiarism
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presenting the words, images, or ideas of others as if they were your own
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deliberate fraud
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knowing, intentional plagiarism
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cut and paste plagiarism
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copying material word for word and then patching it together without quotation marks or citations
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improper paraphrase
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changing some words of a source but keeping the basic structure and ideas intact without citing the source.
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listening skills are important because...
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listening takes up most of our time, good listening skills are good job skills, good listening skills are good academic skills, listening and being heard empowers people and aids personal relationships, you have an investment in the listening situation
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barriers to listening
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linguistic barriers (language and vocabulary differences)
cultural barriers and personal barriers |
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two fundmental principles in speech making
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choosing a topic that meets some need in your audience and presenting your subject in a novel way
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4 general purposes
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to inform, to persuade, to entertain, to commemorate
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how do u identify your specific purpose
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cognitive effects, affective effects, and behavioral effects.
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thesis statement
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a single sentence that names the subject and establishes its significance
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rhetorical triangle
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the audience, the speaking situation, and the speaker come together around the message.
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classifying audiences
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unmotivated audiences (lack a listening purpose or goal)
, passive audiences (listen to accomplish other goals, unmotivated) , motivated audiences (listen for a reason) , homogenous audiences(share a similar attitude), hostile audiences (come wit a negative attitude) |
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demographic analysis
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identifying audiences by populations they represent, such as age or ethnicity
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psychological profile
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assessment of an audiences's beliefs, values, and attitudes
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credibility
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listeners impressions of your character's intentions, and abilities that make you more or less believable
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extrinsic credibility (prior)
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credibility that speakers bring to the speech because of their experience and reputation
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intrinsic credibility (demonstrated)
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obvious knowledge the speaker shows during the speech
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terminal credibility
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final impression listeners have of a speaker
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