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112 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
When does language development begin?
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At birth
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_____ plays an important role as the child learns about the world.
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Language
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Children learn objects have _____ or _____
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Labels or Names
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Children learn to use language to attain their _____ and _____
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Needs and desires
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The precursors to language begin in contexts that provide _____ and _____
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experience and stimulation
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A child who says "waaah" and reaches for a cookie is said to be how old?
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6 months
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A child who says "Wanna cookie?" is said to be how old?
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2 years old
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A child that says " Can I have a cookie?" is said to be how old?
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4 years old
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A child who says " Wow. Those cookies smell good" is said to be how old?
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7 years old
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True or false: Infants are aware of language around them.
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True
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As young as _____ weeks, a child can respond to human language
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4 weeks
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Children develop responses to _____ patterns.
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Intonation
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A child will start to respond to their name at how old?
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5 months
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True or false: A child may confuse their name with other words or syllables that sound the same.
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True
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True or false: Children do not learn that entities and events have labels.
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False
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True or false: Infants are sensitive to and are able to perceive differences between very similar sounds.
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True
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Sensitivity and nonnative sounds disappear by how old?
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8-10 months old
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True or false: The loss of sensitivity corresponds to the time when infants begin to produce sounds.
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True
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Is a loss of sensitivity a total loss?
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No
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Would losing sensitivity to differences make it difficult to learn a new language?
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Yes
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Burping and crying are examples of _____
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Reflexive sounds
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Who produces reflexive sounds?
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Newborns
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An infant will gaze at the caretaker and make vowel-like utterances at how old?
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1 month old
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Laughter and cooing appear; partial production of consonants and vowels appear at how old?
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2 months old
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Turn taking with adults starts to appear, the child will make utterances with consonant and vowel sounds like "bah" and "gah" at how old?
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3 months old
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An infant begins to use the tongue with greater strength and control at what age?
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4 months old
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The infant begins to imitate sounds including intonation at how old?
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5 months old
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At 5-7 months, a child begins to produce _____ and _____ sequences
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Vowel and syllable
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"da da da da" is an example of _____
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reduplicated babbling
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"ma da pa ga" is an example of _____
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Variegated babbling
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The child begins to imitate what they hear (words, phrases, intonation) at how old?
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8-12 months
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A child begins to produces sequences of syllables at how old?
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9-12 months
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The label for first "words" which are generally quite unintelligible are called _____
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Jargon
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Production attempts to approximate real words is called _____
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Phonetically consistent forms
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_____ is an important stage in language development
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Babbling
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Know:
With Babbling, Children store the sound patterns they hear and produce. The children then draw on those patterns to produce meaningful speech at later ages. |
Know
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What is reduplicated babbling?
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consonant-vowel sequences
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What is variegated babbling?
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syllable sequences
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Know: Language development at 18-36 months
-language develops rapidly -children are able to use language in a creative manner. Ex: "up mommy" or "doggy food." -most of this language is prelinguistic, meaning not yet recognizable. -Novel utterances reflect the innate skills that allow children to use language in a creative manner. -Language development takes place over a short period of time and without direct instruction. |
Know
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What age does stage 1 consist of in Piaget's stages of cognitive development, and what happens?
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Birth-1 month; Accommodation or modulation of schema
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What age does stage 2 consist of in Piaget's stages of cognitive development, and what happens?
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1-4 months; Eye-hand coordination develops; visual tracking of moving objects begins; able to localize
sounds |
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What age does stage 3 consist of in Piaget's stages of cognitive development, and what happens?
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4-8 months; Imitation of sounds appears, reaches for
objects, anticipates path of a moving object |
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What age does stage 4 consist of in Piaget's stages of cognitive development, and what happens?
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8-12 months; Anticipate events, means-end behavior;
increased imitation; knows an object exists even when not in sight |
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What age does stage 5 consist of in Piaget's stages of cognitive development, and what happens?
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12-18 months; Children experiment, explore, and use
established schemes or patterns of behavior to solve new problems |
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What age does stage 6 consist of in Piaget's stages of cognitive development, and what happens?
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18-24 months; Solve problems through thought, produce
labels for objects or actions, observe an action, store it in memory, and reproduce this action later |
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_____ is an essential component in cognitive and language development
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Play
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Some of the most popular social interaction games (patty-cake, wave bye-bye, peek-a-boo, so-big, give kisses) are great games to play because they involve _____.
So-big example- "How big is baby?" baby lifts hand up and says "so big" |
Communication
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_____ + _____ contribute to child's early language comprehension
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Early games+ Linguistic labels
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_____ are defined as using a word to represent an entity or activity through language. (acting out, or using symbols).
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Symbolic functions
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Know:
True symbolic knowledge is when the child uses the word when the object is not in view. -Ex: child says mommy when she's not in the room. |
Know
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Using a box or another item to represent a real object is an example of _____
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Symbolic functions
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_____ is when you separate an object from an immediate context
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decontextualize
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_____ is the beginning of the ability to decontextualize
Ex: A child will use a block as a phone. They will talk about the past or future, but not about what is going on at the current moment. |
Pretend symbolic play
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Symbolic or Pretend play
at _____ months, play frequently includes banging, putting one thing in another and some activities with dolls and stuffed toys **This is more pretend than symbolic |
12 months
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Symbolic or Pretend play
at _____ months, play consists of familiar activities and things the child actually does |
18 months
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Symbolic or Pretend play
at _____ months, children's play entails more complex sequences |
24 months
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Symbolic or Pretend play
at _____ months, children include props, which have roles |
24-30 months
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Symbolic or Pretend play
at _____ months, play widens to include familiar but less frequently occurring events and activities |
30 months
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Symbolic or Pretend play
at _____ months, play becomes more complex, with activities consisting of multiple sequences and the use of language |
36 months (3 years)
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_____ skills of language impaired children, as
reflected in play behaviors, were significantly less complex and age-appropriate |
Cognitive
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The observation of young children's _____ may alert us to the possibility of difficulties in language development
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Play
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Toddlers are sometimes hard to understand because they don't produce the adult _____ with accuracy
A parent will know what their child is saying, but someone else will not |
Target words
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Know
Children show an early preference for a consonant-vowel shape This results in pronouncing words without the final sound. Toddlers prefer a pattern consistent with their native language. |
Know
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_____ means repetition
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Reduplication
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There is a difference between a child's speech and _____
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Adult pronunciation
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Know
Some of the phonological processes errors that children will make are : Unstressed syllable deletion- nana for banana Reduplication- dada for daddy Final syllable deletion- bu for bus Consonant cluster reduction- top for stop |
Know
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Know: Early childhood teacher need to have a good understanding of normative morpho-syntactic development regarding typical development
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Know
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Nana for banana is an example of _____
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unstressed syllable deletion
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dada for daddy is an example of _____
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Reduplication
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bu for bus is an example of _____
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Final syllable deletion
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Top for stop is an example of _____
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Consonant cluster reduction
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What age does stage 1 consist of in morphosyntactic development, and what happens?
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12-26 months; single word utterances and multiword communications that follow syntactic rules
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What age does stage 2 consist of in morphosyntactic development, and what happens?
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27-30 months; grammatical morphemes appear. Examples are ing, plurals, and possessives
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What age does stage 3 consist of in morphosyntactic development, and what happens?
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24-30 months; begin to produce negatives, imperatives, and interrogatives.
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What age does stage 4 consist of in morphosyntactic development, and what happens?
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35-40 months; complex structures emerge, children connect meaningful pairs of words which have some relationship
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_____ is the component of language that refers to meaning and the rules that govern the assignment of meaning to entities.
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Semantics
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True or false: Semantic development appears when children become aware that things have labels.
Example: Child says bottle |
True
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Vocabulary development begins at _____ and continues as the child becomes more semantically aware
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Birth
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When children develop a consistent connection between _____ and _____, it indicates semantic awareness
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word and thing
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Children's early word production errors are the lack or correlation between the child's _____and adults _____ of these words.
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Meanings and use
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Children form ideas or hypothesis about _____
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Meaning
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Their hypothesis can lead to _____, which is using the same word for objects that look similar. This results from not knowing the correct word.
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over generalization
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Word meanings develop over time through _____ and growing _____ of the world.
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experience and knowledge
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Children's receptive vocabulary (words they hear and understand) is often much _____ than their expressive vocabulary (words they can produce and use).
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Larger
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Infants are capable of producing _____ communication to indicate their needs and wants
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Intentional
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Early _____ provide a picture of the toddler's mental representations long before he/she can produce the words.
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Gestures
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Toddlers produce more ______ than older children.
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Gestures
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The use of gestures is an indication of children's _____ language skills.
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prelinguistic (before verbal language emerges)
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_____ is to obtain a goal or satisfy a need
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Instrumental function
Ex: pointing at crackers |
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_____is to control another person's behavior
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Regulatory function
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_____ is to obtain joint attention (mom and child communication)
Ex: social function |
Interaction function
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_____ is to express feelings or attitudes.
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Personal function
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At what age do communicative events start to appear
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1-2 years
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_____ is gaining attention, requests, and calling
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Regulatory intent
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_____ is naming, describing, and giving information beyond here and now
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Statement intent
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_____ are descriptions of activities.
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Exchange intent
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_____ is refusal or protest
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Intent to act or not
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_____ is imitation, answer, conversational responses, or questions
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Conversational intent
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_____ are when the speaker's intent results in the actions of another person.
Examples: -Greetings- Hi -Promise- I promise to eat my peas -Request- Gimme Cookie - Indirect request- Can I have a cookie? - Complaint- Why can't I help? -Invitation- Come play with me - Refusal- No, wanna go to bed. |
Speech acts
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Cultural differences may appear in _____ and _____
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Play and social interactions
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Differences in language can be related to _____
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Social economic status
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True or false: There seems to be a difference in the ability to learn novel word meanings because of cultural or socioeconomic status
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False
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True or false: children from low SES homes must work harder in preschool and the primary grades to extend their language vocabularies.
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True
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Know: Language differences must be recognized as differences in acquiring and using language.
Differences do not imply a language disorder or a lack of intelligence |
Know
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_____ infants and toddlers do not have a disability, but the environment or home may make them at risk.
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At risk
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_____ are those who do not attain developmental milestones at the expected times.
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At risk
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_____ provides practice for the production of speech sounds and words
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Babbling
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_____ between an adult and a child is the basis for word learning
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Joint eye contact
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Infants and toddlers at risk will only have a vocabulary of about _____ words at 24 months
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50 words
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True or false: It is best to err on the side of caution. Do not wait!
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True
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Know: Supporting infant language development
-Imitate the infant's production of sounds -Play early social games such as peek-a-boo and patty-cake -Use language to describe actions- yours and the infants -Label things and actions as you are walking -Talk about the sounds animals make -Introduce book reading |
Know
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Know: Supporting toddler's language development
-Talk about what is going on around the toddler -Point to things and talk about them, using simple words and short sentences -Play with Rhyme -Ask the toddler to point to pictures on things and name them -Name things and ask the toddler to point to what you name -Read stories with simple sentences and pictures that help the toddler associate words with things |
Know
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