Speech And Hearing Sciences

Front 1

Source-Filter Theory

Back 1

changing the vocal tracts impacts glottal sounds waves which in turn creates different sounds

Front 2

respiratory

Back 2

is the power source: subglottal pressure which caused VF to vibrate

Front 3

laryngeal

Back 3

is the sound source: vibrations

Front 4

articulatory

Back 4

sound filter

Front 5

harmonics

Back 5

soundwaves that are complex periodic: whole number multiples of the fundamental frequency

Front 6

fundamental frequency

Back 6

F0 the lowest frequency harmonic

Front 7

formants

Back 7

sound waves impacted by vocal tract articulators, and air flow

Front 8

F1

Back 8

volume and constriction of the pharyngeal cavity

Front 9

F1 when pharyngeal cavity increases

Back 9

then the harmoics decrease

Front 10

F2

Back 10

length of oral cavity can be varied by the tongue placement

Front 11

F2 as the oral cavity increases

Back 11

there is a amplication of the harmonics decreases

Front 12

F3

Back 12

effected by lip constriction because of the pressure that is built up during articulatory closure

Front 13

vowels and tongue placement (F1): the higher the tongue position

Back 13

the lower the F1 frequency:
inverse relationship

Front 14

(F2) vowels:
The higher the tongue placement

Back 14

the higher the F2 frequency

Front 15

stop gap

Back 15

area where no sound appears on the spectrogram due to the pressure building up (in a stop)

Front 16

release burst

Back 16

aperiodic sound following a stop gap (in a stop)

Front 17

liquid on spectrogram

Back 17

characteristic of the F3 being lowered which brings it closer to F2

Front 18

VOT

Back 18

voice onset time: the time after the burst and the start of the VF vibration of the vowel (in a stop)

Front 19

fricatives on spectrogram

Back 19

wide band of energy/ white noise/ low intensity

Front 20

nasals on spectrogram

Back 20

antiformants- acoustic energy has been damped; weak intensity formant

Front 21

glides on a spectrogram

Back 21

semivowel, extremely short in duration; lower frequency for all the formants

Front 22

coarticulation

Back 22

acoustical characteristics are changed as segments come together and influence each other

Front 23

categorical perception

Back 23

easier to differentiate between two sound categories rather than two allophones

Front 24

suprasegmentals

Back 24

intonation, stress, and duration

Front 25

cognates

Back 25

voicing difference between a set of sounds
ie: /f/ /v/, /s/ /z/, /p/ /b/, /t/ /d/