Speech And Hearing

Front 1

Language

Back 1

complex cognitive system that serves as a socially shared code for representing concepts through the use of arbitrary words
- speaker and listener must have same arbitrary words/symbols to understand each other

Front 2

Form-
Content-
Use-

Back 2

Phonology, Morphology, Syntax
Semantics
Pragmatics

Front 3

Phonology

Back 3

knowledge of sound system in language

Front 4

phoneme

Back 4

smallest meaningful unit of sound

Front 5

phonological rules-
distributional rules vs sequential rules

Back 5

distributional rules: determines which sound can be in what position- first or last of the word
Sequential : determines which letters can be combined- kst can't make a word

Front 6

Morphology

Back 6

Content and structure of words

Front 7

morpheme

Back 7

smallest meaningful of grammar

Front 8

free morphemes
vs
bound morphemes

Back 8

can exist on its own- dog, walk, happy
vs
can only exist attached to a free morpheme- ed, -s, -ing

Front 9

Syntax

Back 9

arrangement of words/phrases to create sentences in a language
- grammar of the language

Front 10

What does Syntax involve

Back 10

Word Order- adj before noun, noun before verb, SVO- subject verb object- i(S) want(v) cookies(O)

Sentence Organization- must have a noun and verb

Front 11

simple vs complex sentence

Back 11

simple- independent clause- i had to study
complex- independent clause followed by a dependent clause- i had to study BECAUSE i have a test tomorrow

Front 12

Semantics

Back 12

meaning of a word, a phrase, and a sentence

relationship between words and objects

words don't represent reality, but individual's concept of reality in a culture- common meaning of dog but all have individual meanings and experiences they think about

Front 13

what makes up a word

Back 13

physical or image referent- baby in a picture or person

meaning of the word doesn't come from sounds/letters that make up the word- the letters in chimp don't make it mean a primate, hairy, cute

meaning is not equal to referent- evening star, morning star- common physical object, not same meaning

Front 14

Pragmatics

Back 14

language use- to communicate
language use and the contexts in which it is used

language is not abstract- depends on the social situation- talk to professor differently than friend- different words or speed

Front 15

conversation rules

Back 15

turn taking

the "role" you play (professor vs casual)

conveying and understanding the communication intention

being able to maintain/appropriately end the condo

Front 16

speech error

Back 16

transpose individual sounds (change places of letters)
cog vs dog- phonological neighbors and sound alike - can mix it up when speaking

Front 17

Syntax Semantics Relationship

Back 17

Colorless green ideas sleep furiously
good syntax- violates semantics- no meaning

there is independence of form and semantics

Front 18

Discourse

Back 18

sentences combined in a meaningful way- convos, narratives, gists of stories

Front 19

Phonology- individual sounds
morphology- word forms
syntax- grammar rules
semantics- meanings of words/sentences
pragmatics- use of language-talking

Back 19

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Front 20

Prelinguistic Stage- 0 to 12-14 months

Perlocutionary Stage 4-5 months

Back 20

engaging in unintentional communication- cooing for no reason (parents treat as intentional but it's not)

parents and kids engage in anticipatory games- Peek a boo- learn patterns of language (turn taking)

Front 21

Prelinguistic Stage 0-12 to 14 months

Illocutionary stage 8-12 months

Back 21

-express his or her intent with gestures and vocalizations- wants something

-actions do not have an affect on others (still not communicating-unconvential communication)

Front 22

Babbling

Back 22

6-8 months- bababa (reduplicative)

8-10- daga (variegated babbling)- more mature- closer to adult like

Front 23

Single Word Stage- 14 to 18-20 months

Back 23

50 words common around 18 months

Front 24

Single Word Stage 14- to 18-20 months

Locutionary Stage 14-20 months

Back 24

same intents expressed with WORDS rather than through nonverbal means like in the illocutionary stage

starts to use same sounds for same meanings- baba always for bottle

simple words like ball, dog

Front 25

Single Word stage

Locutionary Stage 14-20 months

Form, Content, Use

Back 25

Form: CV, VC, CVCV - ku for cookie, baba for bottle, up for up

Content- very general
dog refers to all 4 legged furry animals
ball- all round object

Use- label, request, answer, greet, protest, inform

Front 26

Characteristics of first 50 words

Back 26

children use same words to express different functions
children may say "dog" to refer to every 4 legged animal
may think donald duck is THE duck; other ducks are not

Front 27

Expansion of Language- 20-36
word combos but not grammatical yet

Two Word Stage- Telegraphic Speech

Back 27

daddy eat, throw ball

Front 28

content (meaning) of utterances

Back 28

agent action- mommy go
agent- object- daddy ball
action object- blow balloon
action locatio- come here

Front 29

combos can have different meanings

Back 29

daddy eat- daddy is eating, daddy is going to eat, wants daddy to eat

Front 30

Expansion of Language 20-36 months

Expanding Utterances- combining 2 word utterances

Back 30

no throw ball- no throw + throw ball

Front 31

Measures of Language

Wug

Back 31

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