Sped 102 Chapter 13

Front 1

Traumatic brain injury (TBI)

Back 1

Injury to the brain (not including conditions present at birth, birth trauma, or degenerative diseases or conditions) resulting in total or partial disability or psychosocial maladjustment that affects educational performance; may affect cognition, language, memory, attention, reasoning, abstract thinking, judgment, problem solving, sensory or perceptual and motor disabilities, psychosocial behavior, physical functions, information processing, or speech

Front 2

Open head injury

Back 2

A brain injury in which there is an open wound in the head, such as a gunshot wound or penetration of the head by an object, resulting in damage to brain tissue

Front 3

Closed head injury

Back 3

Damage to the brain that occurs without penetration of the skull; might be caused by a blow to the head or violent shaking by an adult

Front 4

Motor-speech disorder

Back 4

Loss or impairment of the ability to understand or formulate language because of accident or illness

Front 5

Behavior modification

Back 5

Systematic control of environmental events, especially of consequences, to produce specific changes in observable responses. May include reinforcement, punishment, modeling, self-instruction, desensitization, guided practice, or any other technique for strengthening or eliminating a particular response

Front 6

Behavior management

Back 6

Strategies and techniques used to increase desirable behavior and decrease undesirable behavior. May be applied in the classroom, home, or other environment

Front 7

CHARGE syndrome

Back 7

A genetic syndrome resulting in deaf-blindness; characterized by physical anomalies, often including coloboma (abnormalities of the pupil, retina, and/or optic nerve), cranial nerves, heart defects, atresia (absence or closure) of the choanae (air passages from nose to throat) retardation in growth and mental development, genital abnormalities, ear malformation and/or hearing loss

Front 8

Usher syndrome

Back 8

An inherited syndrome resulting in hearing loss and retinitis pigmentosa, a progressive condition characterized by problems in seeing in low light and tunnel vision; there are three different types of Usher syndrome, differing with respect to when it occurs developmentally and the range of the major symptoms of hearing impairment, vision impairment, and balance problems

Front 9

Down syndrome

Back 9

A condition resulting from a chromosomal abnormality; characterized by intellectual disabilities and such physical signs as slanted-appearing eyes, hypotonia, a single palmar crease, shortness, and a tendency toward obesity; the most common type of Down syndrome is trisomy 21.

Front 10

Coloboma

Back 10

A condition of the eye in which the pupil is abnormally shaped and/or there are abnormalities of the retina or optic nerve; can result in loss of visual acuity and extreme sensitivity to light

Front 11

Cranial nerves

Back 11

Twelve pairs of nerves that connect the brain with various muscles and glands in the body

Front 12

Atresia

Back 12

Absence or closure of a part of the body that is normally open

Front 13

Choanae

Back 13

Air passages from the nose to the throat

Front 14

Retinitis pigmentosa

Back 14

A hereditary condition resulting in degeneration of the retina; causes a narrowing of the field of vision and affects night vision

Front 15

Night blindness

Back 15

A condition characterized by problems in seeing at low levels of illumination; often caused by retinitis pigmentosa

Front 16

Tunnel vision

Back 16

A condition characterized by problems in peripheral vision, or a narrowing of the field of vision

Front 17

Prenatal

Back 17

Occurring or developing in the fetus before birth

Front 18

Rubella (German measles)

Back 18

A serious viral disease, which, if it occurs during the first trimester of pregnancy, is likely to cause a deformity in the fetus

Front 19

Congenital Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Back 19

The most frequently occurring viral infection in newborns; can result in a variety of disabilities, especially hearing impairment

Front 20

Postnatal

Back 20

Occurring in an infant after birth

Front 21

Meningitis

Back 21

A bacterial or viral infection of the linings of the brain or spinal cord; can cause a number of disabilities

Front 22

Braille

Back 22

A system in which raised dots allow people who are blind to read with their fingertips; each quadrangular cell contains one to six dots, the arrangement of which denotes different letters and symbols

Front 23

Hand-over-hand guidance

Back 23

A tactile learning strategy for persons who are deaf-blind; the teacher places his or her hands over those of the person who is deaf-blind and guides them to explore objects

Front 24

Hand-under-hand guidance

Back 24

A tactile learning strategy for persons who are deaf-blind; the teacher places his or her hands underneath part of the student's hand or hands while the child is exploring objects

Front 25

Adapted signs

Back 25

Signs adapted for use by people who are deaf-blind; tactually based rather than visually based, such as American Sign Language for those who are deaf but sighted

Front 26

Touch cues

Back 26

Tactual signals used to communicate with persons who are deaf-blind; can be used to signify a variety of messages

Front 27

Assistance card

Back 27

A relatively small card containing a message that alerts the public that the user is deaf-blind and needs assistance in crossing the street

Front 28

Augmentative or alternative communication (AAC)

Back 28

Alternative forms of communication that do not use the oral sounds of speech or that augment the use of speech

Front 29

Functional behavioral assessment (FBA)

Back 29

Evaluation that consists of finding out the consequences, triggers, and setting events that maintain inappropriate behaviors

Front 30

Positive behavioral support (PBS)

Back 30

Positive reinforcement (rewarding) procedures intended to support a student's appropriate or desirable behavior

Front 31

Self-stimulation

Back 31

Any repetitive, stereotyped activity that seems only to provide sensory feedback

Front 32

Self-injurious behavior (SIB)

Back 32

Behavior causing injury or mutilation of oneself, such as self-biting or head-banging; usually seen in individuals with severe and multiple disabilities

Front 33

Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)

Back 33

A special unit in a hospital designed to provide around-the-clock monitoring and care of newborns who have severe physical problems; staffed by professionals from several disciplines, such as nursing, social work, occupational therapy, respiratory therapy, and medicine; similar to an intensive care unit for older children and adults

Front 34

Developmentally appropriate practice (DAP)

Back 34

Educational methods for young children that are compatible with their developmental levels and that meet their individual needs; coined by the National Association for the Education of Young Children

Front 35

Sheltered workshop

Back 35

A facility that provides a structured environment for people with disabilities in which they can learn skills; can be either a transitional placement or a permanent arrangement

Front 36

Competitive employment

Back 36

A workplace that provides employment that pays at least minimum wage and in which most workers are nondisabled

Front 37

Self-determination

Back 37

Having control over one's life, not having to rely on others for making choices about one's quality of life; develops over one's life span

Front 38

Person-centered plan

Back 38

A method of planning for people with disabilities that places the person and his or her family at the center of the planning process

Front 39

Natural supports

Back 39

Resources in a person's environment that can be used for support, such as friends, family, and coworkers

Front 40

Job coach

Back 40

A person who assists adult workers with disabilities (especially those with intellectual disabilities), providing vocational assessment, instruction, overall planning, and interaction assistance with employers, family, and related government and service agencies

Front 41

Daily living skills

Back 41

Skills required for living independently, such as dressing, toileting, bathing, cooking, and other typical daily activities of non disabled adults

Front 42

Individualized education program (IEP)

Back 42

IDEA requires an IEP to be drawn up by the educational team for each exceptional child; the IEP must include a statement of present educational performance, instructional goals, educational services to be provided, and criteria and procedures for determining that the instructional objectives are being met

Front 43

Community residential facility (CRF)

Back 43

A place, usually a group home, in an urban or residential neighborhood where about three to ten adults with intellectual disabilities live under supervision