Sped 102 Chapter 1

Front 1

Down Syndrome

Back 1

a condition resulting from an abnormality with the 21st pair of chromosomes; characterized by intellectual disability and such physical signs as slanted-appearing eyes, hypotonia, a single palmar crease, shortness, and a tendency towards obesity

Front 2

Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)

Back 2

A condition resulting from administration of an excessive concentration of oxygen at birth; causes scar tissue to form behind the lens of the eye

Front 3

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Back 3

A metabolic genetic disorder caused by the inability of the body to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine; an accumulation of phenylalanine results in abnormal brain development

Front 4

Cystic fibrosis

Back 4

An inherited disease affecting primarily the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and respiratory organs; characterized by thick, sticky mucous that often interferes with breathing or digestion

Front 5

Muscular dystrophy

Back 5

A hereditary disease characterized by progressive weakness caused by degeneration of muscle fibers

Front 6

Hydrocephalus

Back 6

A condition characterized by enlargement of the head because of excessive pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid

Front 7

Disability

Back 7

an inability to do something that most people can do with typical opportunity, maturation, or instruction

Front 8

Handicap

Back 8

a disadvantage imposed on an individual

Front 9

Exceptional learners

Back 9

those who require special education and related services if they are to realize their full human potential

Front 10

Prevalence

Back 10

the percentage of a population or number of individuals having a particular exceptionality

Front 11

High-incidence disabilities

Back 11

disabilities that are most common and occur with a relatively high frequency such as learning disabilities, speech and language disorders, emotional disturbance, and mild intellectual disabilities

Front 12

Low-incidence disabilities

Back 12

disabilities that occur rarely such as low vision, blindness, deafness, deaf-blindness, severe intellectual disabilities, autism, and traumatic brain injury

Front 13

Autism

Back 13

A pervasive developmental disability characterized by extreme withdrawal, cognitive deficits, language disorders, self-stimulation, and onset before the age of thirty months

Front 14

Traumatic brain injury (TBI)

Back 14

Injury to the brain (not including conditions present at birth, birth trauma, or degenerative diseases or conditions) resulting in total or partial disability or psychosocial maladjustment that affects educational performance; may affect cognition, language, memory, attention, reasoning, abstract thinking, judgement, problem solving, sensory or perceptual and motor disabilities, psychosocial behavior, physical functions, information processing, or speech

Front 15

Special education

Back 15

specially designed instruction that meets the unusual needs of an exceptional student, and which might require special materials, teaching techniques, or equipment and/or facilities

Front 16

Examples of related services

Back 16

special transportation, psychological assessment, physical and occupational therapy, medical treatment, counseling, speech and language therapy

Front 17

Least restrictive environment (LRE)

Back 17

A legal term referring to the fact that exceptional children must be educated in as normal an environment as possible, the student should be separated from non disabled peers and from home, family, and community as little as possible

Front 18

At risk

Back 18

students who perform or behave poorly in school and appear likely to fail or fall far short of their potential

Front 19

Inclusion

Back 19

Teaching students with disabilities in the same environment as their age peers who are non-disabled

Front 20

Expectations for all educators

Back 20

1. Make maximum effort to accommodate individual students needs

2. Evaluate academic abilities and disabilities

3. Refer for evaluation

4. Participate in eligibility conferences

5. Participate in writing IEPs

6. Communicate with parents or guardians

7. Participate in due process hearings and negotiations

8. Collaborate with other professionals in identifying and making maximum use of exceptional students' abilities

Front 21

Expectations for special educators

Back 21

1. Instructing students with learning problems

2. Managing serious behavior problems

3. Evaluating technological advances

4. Knowing special education law

Front 22

Pace (Rate)

Back 22

Speed of lesson; speed of introducing new concepts, made slower or faster to meet student characteristics

Front 23

Intensity

Back 23

Demandingness; difficulty; complexity; size of steps in learning, number of trials, frequency of reviews adjusted to fit learner

Front 24

Persistence

Back 24

Insistence; tenacity, repeated attempts, using different methods as required

Front 25

Structure

Back 25

Explicitness; predictability, teacher direction, tolerance, immediacy of consequences to fit individual student

Front 26

Reinforcement

Back 26

Reward for desired behavior, increased, made more frequent, immediate, and explicit or tangible as necessary

Front 27

Class size

Back 27

Number of students per teacher, smaller, more individual

Front 28

Curriculum

Back 28

Content of instruction, purpose of activity, determined by individual need

Front 29

Assessment

Back 29

Keeping track of progress, daily or near daily checking of achievement of specific tasks and goals

Front 30

Essential functions of parent organizations

Back 30

1. Provides an informal group for parents who understand one another's problems and needs and help one another deal with anxieties and frustations
2. Providing information regarding services and potential resources
3. Providing the structure for obtaining needed services for their children

Front 31

Education for all handicapped children act

Back 31

AKA Public Law 94-142, which became law in 1975 and is now known as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

Front 32

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

Back 32

In order for schools to receive funds, they must provide a free appropriate public education for every child between the ages of three and twenty-one, regardless of how or how seriously he or she may be disabled

Front 33

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

Back 33

Prohibits discrimination in the private sector/equal opportunity in transportation and telecommunicatons

Front 34

Identification

Back 34

Extensive efforts to screen and identify all children and youths with disabilities

Front 35

Free, Appropriate Public Education (FAPE)

Back 35

Special education and related services that are provided at public expense in the schools and are provided in conformity with an individual education program

Front 36

Due Process

Back 36

Protects the rights of parents to have input into their child's educational program and to take steps to resolve disagreements

Front 37

Parent/Guardian Surrogate Consultation

Back 37

The student's parents or guardian are consulted about the student's evaluation and placement and the educational plan; if the parents or guardian are unknown or unavailable, a surrogate parent must be found to act for the student

Front 38

Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)

Back 38

To the maximum extent appropriate, students with disabilities shall be educated with their non-disabled peers

Front 39

Individualized Education Program (IEP)

Back 39

A written document, developed by the case conference committee, that describes how a student will access the general education curriculum and the special education and related services needed to participate in the educational environment

Front 40

Nondiscriminatory evaluation

Back 40

The student is evaluated in all areas of suspected disability and in a way that is not biased by his or her language or cultural characteristics or disabilities. Evaluation must be done by a multidisciplinary team, and no single evaluation procedure may be used as the sole criterion for placement or planning

Front 41

Confidentiality

Back 41

Ensuring information is accessible only to those who are authorized to have access

Front 42

Personnel development, Inservice

Back 42

Training for teachers and other professional personnel, including inservice training for general education teachers, in meeting the needs of students with disabilities

Front 43

Individualized Family Service Plan (ISFP)

Back 43

A plan mandated by PL 99-457 to provide services for young children with disabilities (under age 3) and their families