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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Average Heterozygosity
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The presence of different alleles at one or more loci on homologous chromosomes.
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Geographic Variation
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any variation of a species which is dependent on climate or other geographical conditions.
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Cline
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relationship between location and the frequencies of alleles
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Hardy-Weinberg principle
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genotype and gene frequencies of a large, randomly mating population remain constant provided immigration, mutation, and selection do not take place.
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Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
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Describes a non- evolving pop. (has genetic equilibrium)
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Genetic Drift
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Random variation in gene frequency from one generation to another
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Founder Effect
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the loss of genetic variation that occurs when a new population is established by a very small number of individuals from a larger population
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Bottleneck effect
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Drift that occurs when pop. size declines due to disaster. Surviving pop. doesn’t represent genetics of original pop.
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Gene Flow
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any movement of genes from one population to another
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Speciation
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New species arise
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Biological Species Concept
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defines a species as members of populations that actually or potentially interbreed in nature
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Reproductive isolation
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prevent the members of two different species that cross or mate from producing offspring
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Hybrids
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Offspring of 2 diff species
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Prezygotic Barriers
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Prevents 2 species from having offspring
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Postzygotic Barriers
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Prevents hybrids from having offspring
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Allopatric Speciation
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Speciation that occurs because of geographic isolation
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Polyploidy
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when there are more than two paired (homologous) sets of chromosomes.
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Autopolyploidy
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polyploids with multiple chromosome sets derived from a single species
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Alloploidy
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two or more sets of chromosomes derived from two different species
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Hybrid zone
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A region where members of different species meet and mate.
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Homologous Structures
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any characteristic of organisms that is derived from a common ancestor
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Vestigial Structures
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homologous characters of organisms that have lost all or most of their function
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Analogous
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Same function, different bone structure
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