Special Senses

Front 1

Olfactory sensation

Back 1

Smell
Receptors of sup. nasal cavity on either side of nasal septum
Olfactory cells
Olfactory hairs
Sustentacular cells
Olfactory (bowmans) gland
Basal cells

Front 2

Special senses

Back 2

Olfactory sensation
Gustatory sensation
Visual sensation

Front 3

Olfactory cells

Back 3

Bipolar
distal end forms "1" dendrite = the termination of the bipolar olfactory cell

Front 4

Olfactory hairs

Back 4

6-8 cilia that arise from the dendrite
site of olfactory transduction

Front 5

Sustentacular (supporting) cells

Back 5

For physical support, nourishment, electrical insulation

Front 6

Olfactory (bowmans) gland

Back 6

Produce mucus

Front 7

Basal cells

Back 7

Produce new olfactory receptors cells (live "1" month +) is unique because olfactory receptors are neurons - and mature neurons are not usually replaces!

Front 8

Gustatory sensation

Back 8

Sense of taste
Receptors occur on some types of papillae only
Circumvallate or vallate
Fungiform
Filiform
Gustatory cells
Gustatory hairs
Sustentacular (supporting) cells
Basal cells
Taste pore

Front 9

Structure of taste bud

Back 9

Gustatory cells
Gustatory hairs
Sustentacular (supporting) cells
Basal cells
Taste pore

Front 10

Circumvallate or vallate

Back 10

Large, circular, v-shape back of tongue
all have taste buds

Front 11

Fungiform

Back 11

Mushroom shaped
tip and sides of tongue
most have taste buds

Front 12

Filiform

Back 12

Pointed
anterior 2/3 of tongue
rarely have taster buds

Front 13

Gustatory cells

Back 13

4-20 per capsule

Front 14

Gustatory hairs

Back 14

"1" per cell
project through taste pore

Front 15

Sustentacular (supporting) cells

Back 15

Specialized epithelial cells
help form wall of capsule

Front 16

Basal cells

Back 16

Give rise to new gustatory cells and supporting cells

Front 17

Taste pore

Back 17

Pore at top of receptor

Front 18

Visual sensation

Back 18

Sense of vision

Front 19

Accessory structures of visual sensation

Back 19

Eyebrows
Eyelids (palpebrae)
Palpebral fissure
Lacrimal caruncle
Tarsal plate
Conjuctiva
Eyelashes

Front 20

Palpebral fissure
(structure)

Back 20

Medial canthus
Lateral canthus

Front 21

Palpebral fissure

Back 21

visual part of eye

Front 22

Tarsal plate
(structure)

Back 22

tarsal (meibomian) glands

Front 23

Medial canthus

Back 23

Also called medial "commissure"

Front 24

Lateral canthus

Back 24

Also called lateral "commissure"

Front 25

Eyebrows
Eyelids

Back 25

Keeps thing out of eyes

Front 26

Lacrimal caruncle

Back 26

Reddish elebation near medial commisssure
have oil (sebaceous) glands

Front 27

Tarsal plate

Back 27

Thick layer conn. tissue that supports lids

Front 28

Tarsal (meibomian) glands

Back 28

Modified sebacceous glds.
in grooves in tarsal plate
keep lids from sticking together

Front 29

Conjuntiva
(structure)

Back 29

Palpebral portion
Bulbar (ocular)portion

Front 30

Eyelashes
(structure)

Back 30

Sebacceous ciliary glands (glands of zeis)

Front 31

Palpebral portion

Back 31

lines inner surface of eyelids

Front 32

Bulbar (ocular)portion

Back 32

lines eyeball
is continuous with palpebral portion

Front 33

Sebacceous ciliary glands (glands of zeis)

Back 33

keep eyelashes moist

Front 34

Lacrimal apparatus

Back 34

Produce tears (lacrimal secretion) and drain them away

Front 35

Lacrimal gland

Back 35

Superior and lateral to each eye

Front 36

Excretory lacrimal ducts

Back 36

small ducts that carry tears from the lacrimal glands

Front 37

Puncta lacrimalia

Back 37

Also called "lacrimal points"
tears pass medially over the ant. surface of the eyeball to enter two small openings

Front 38

Lacrimal canals

Back 38

A duct
one on each eyelid, beginning at the puntum at the medial margin of an eyelid, conveying tears medially into the nasolacrimal sac

Front 39

Lacrimal sac

Back 39

either of the two dilated ends of the lacrimal ducts at the nasal ends of the eyes that fill with tears secreted by the lacrimal glands

Front 40

Nasolacrimal duct

Back 40

Carries secretion into nasal cavity just inf. to inf. nasal concha

Front 41

Lacrimal secretion(tears)

Back 41

Watery, clear, salts, some mucous
moistens and lubricates

Front 42

Lysosome

Back 42

A natural bacterial enzyme

Front 43

Structure of eyeball

Back 43

Fibrous tunic
Vascular tunic
Iris
Retina
Ant. cavity
Post. (vitreous) cavity
Lens
Lens fibers

Front 44

Fibrous tunic
(structure)

Back 44

Sclera
Cornea
scleral venous sinus (canal of schlemm)

Front 45

Vascular tunic
(structure)

Back 45

Choroid coat
Ciliary body
Ciliary muscle
Ciliary processes

Front 46

Iris
(structure)

Back 46

Pupil

Front 47

Retina
(structure)

Back 47

Inner layer of nervous tissue (visual portion)
Outer pigmented layer (nonvisual portion)
Ends at ora serrata
Macula lutea
Central fovea
Optic disc

Front 48

Fibrous tunic

Back 48

outer coat
superficial coat of the eyeball, made up of the posterior sclera and the anterior cornea.

Front 49

Sclera

Back 49

White of eye
post. and lateral side of fibrous coat.

Front 50

Cornea

Back 50

Ant. part of sclera
non-vascular and transparent

Front 51

Sclera venous sinus (canal of sclemm)

Back 51

junction of the cornea and sclera is an opening called _____ ______ _______.
aqueous humor gets drained into this sinus.

Front 52

Vascular tunic (uvea)

Back 52

middle coat of eyeball
composed of the choroid, ciliary body, and the iris.

Front 53

Choroid coat

Back 53

Post. part
vascular
dark brown pigment absorbs light
lines sclera
penetrated by optic nerve

Front 54

Ciliary body

Back 54

for ora serrata to point near sclerocarneal junction

Front 55

Ciliary muscle

Back 55

Alters shape of lens to accommodate for near and far vision

Front 56

Ciliary processes

Back 56

Folds of ciliary body
helps secret aqeuous humor - has choroid

Front 57

Iris

Back 57

colored part of eye
circular and long. muscles alter diameter of pupil

Front 58

Pupil

Back 58

Hole in iris
allows for light penetration
where light passes through

Front 59

Retina

Back 59

Innermost layer of eyeball
lines post. three quarters of eyeball
beginning of visual pathway

Front 60

Inner layer of nervous tissue (visual portion) of retina
consists of 3 zones of neurons

Back 60

Photoreceptor neurons (cells)
Bipolar neurons
Ganglionic neurons

Front 61

Photoreceptor neurons (cells)

Back 61

rods and cones

Front 62

Bipolar neurons

Back 62

path of light - passes through ganglionic neurons

Front 63

Ganglionic neurons
(retina)

Back 63

first, then bipolar neurons, and then photorecptors

Front 64

Rods
(retina)

Back 64

Black and white vision
dim light
sharp movement
abs. macula-foves
esp. at periphery of eye

Front 65

Cones
(retina)

Back 65

Color vision
bright light
sharp vision acuity
esp. fovea centralis
"C" = center; color

Front 66

ora serrata
(retina)

Back 66

where the retina ends
the irr. margin of retina lying int. and slightly post. to the junction of choroid and ciliary body

Front 67

Macula lutea
(retina)

Back 67

plaque that lines the structure of the retina

Front 68

Central fovea

Back 68

A depression of the muscula lutea of the retina, containing cones only and lacking blood vessels
the area of highest visual acuity (sharpness of vision)

Front 69

Optic disc (blind spot)

Back 69

Origin of optic nerve
(blind spot)

Front 70

Anterior cavity

Back 70

Ant. to lens of eye

Front 71

Ant. chamber

Back 71

Behind cornea and in front of iris

Front 72

Post. chamber

Back 72

Behind iris and in front of suspensory ligaments (zonules) and lens

Front 73

Choroid plexuses

Back 73

Modified capillaries
in ciliary processes of ciliary body
produces aqueous humor that moves from post. chamber to ant. chamber

Front 74

Aqeuous humor

Back 74

fluid in eyeball
Similiar in composition to c.s.f.

Front 75

Scleral venous sinus (canal of schlemm)

Back 75

Site where aqueous humor absorbs back into blood

Front 76

Posterior cavity (vitreous chamber)

Back 76

post. to lens of eye

Front 77

Anterior cavity of eye

Back 77

Scleral venous sinus (canal of schlemm)
Aqeuous humor
Choroid plexuses
Post. chamber
Ant. chamber

Front 78

Post. cavity (vitreous chamber)

Back 78

Post. to lens of eye

Front 79

Post. cavity (vitreous chamber)
(structure)

Back 79

Vitreous body (gel or humor)

Front 80

Vitreous body (gel or humor)

Back 80

gel-like substance that fills the eyeball between the lens and the retina.

Front 81

Lens

Back 81

Held in place by suspensory ligaments
shape changes to focus image on retina
avascular

Front 82

Lens
(structure)

Back 82

Lens capsule
Lens epithelium

Front 83

Lens capsule

Back 83

Of clear conn. tissue
attaches to suspensory ligaments

Front 84

Lens epithelium

Back 84

Of simple cuboidal

Front 85

Lens fibers

Back 85

Of proteins called "crytallins" arranged in circular layers like onion

Front 86

Afferent pathway to brain

Back 86

Light source
Pigmented layer of retina
Rods and cones - photoreceptor cells or neurons
Bipolar neurons
Ganglionic neurons
Optic nerve
Crossing of fibers in optic chiasma
Optic tracts
Thalamus
Visual center in occipital lobes

Front 87

External ear

Back 87

auricle
ext. aud. canal
eardrum (tympanic membrane)

Front 88

Auricle (pinna)

Back 88

a flap of elastic cartilage shaled like the flared end of a trumpet and covered by skin.

Front 89

External auditory canal

Back 89

a curved tube about 2.5 cm long that lies in the temporal bone and leads from the auricle to the eardrum.

Front 90

Tympanic membrane (eardrum)

Back 90

a thin semitransparent partition btwn. the ext. aud. canal and middle ear
covered by epidermis and lined by simple cuboidal.

Front 91

Middle ear
(structure)

Back 91

Auditory (estachian) tube
Auditory ossicles
Oval window
Round window
Secondary tympanic membrane
Muscles and ligaments of ear cavity

Front 92

Internal (inner) ear or labyrinth

Back 92

complicated series of canals
innermost part of the ear

Front 93

Internal (inner) ear or labyrinth
(structure)

Back 93

Bony labyrinth
Membranous labyrinth

Front 94

Cochlea

Back 94

a coil
The part of the internal ear that is concerned with hearing. It forms the anterior part of the labyrinth, is conical, and is placed almost horizontally anterior to the vestibule.

Front 95

Modiolus

Back 95

center of cochlea

Front 96

Vestibule

Back 96

the oval central portion of the bony labyrinth.

Front 97

Semicirular canals (bony)

Back 97

Projecting sup. and post. from the vestibule
lie at right angles
named anterior, posterior, and lateral

Front 98

Ampullae of semicircular canals

Back 98

a swollen enlargement of each canal

Front 99

Perilymph

Back 99

sim. to cerebrospinal fluid
The fluid which surrounds the membranous labyrinth of the internal ear, and separates it from the walls of the chambers in which the labyrinth lies

Front 100

Membranous labyrinth

Back 100

inner portion
a series of sacs and tubes inside the bony labyrinth and having the same general form.
lined by epithelium
contains endolymph

Front 101

Bony labyrinth
(structure)

Back 101

Cochlea
Modiolus
Vestibule
Semicirular canals (bony)
Ampullae of semicircular canals
Perilymph

Front 102

Auditory (estachian) tube

Back 102

Runs from the middle ear cavity to pharynx
helps equalize air pressure

Front 103

Auditory ossicles

Back 103

3 smallest bones in body

Front 104

Auditory ossicles
(structure)

Back 104

Malleus (hammer)
Incus (anvil)
Stapes (stirup)

Front 105

Malleus (hammer)

Back 105

attaches to surface of inf. part of the eardrum
articulates with body of incus.

Front 106

Incus (anvil)

Back 106

Middle bone in series
articulates with the head of stapes

Front 107

Stapes (stirup)

Back 107

base of the footplate fits into the oval window

Front 108

Oval window

Back 108

fenestra vestibuli
has base plate of stapes

Front 109

Round window

Back 109

fenestra cochleae
has second tympanic membrane
directly below the oval window

Front 110

Secondary tympanic membrane

Back 110

In round window

Front 111

Membranous labyrinth
(structure

Back 111

Cochlear duct
Utricle and saccule
Semicircular ducts or membranous semicircular canals
Ampulae of semicircular ducts
Endolymph

Front 112

Cochlear duct

Back 112

3rd channel
Spiral tube in the bony canal of the cochlea, lying on its outer wall between the scala vestibuli and scala tympani.

Front 113

Utricle and saccule

Back 113

A little sac, or bag in membranous labyrinth of inner ear

Front 114

Semicircular ducts or membranous semicircular canals

Back 114

portion of the membranous labyrinth that lie inside the bony semicircular canals.

Front 115

Ampullae of semicircular ducts

Back 115

sac-like duct
A nearly spherical enlargement of one end of each of the three semicircular ducts, anterior, posterior, and lateral, where they connect with the utricle.

Front 116

Endolymph

Back 116

The watery fluid contained in the membranous labyrinth of the internal ear.