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32 Cards in this Set

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  • Back

specially designed instruction

required service for all students with IEP's that is instruction tailored to meet assessed individual student needs; it usually addresses academic skills, but also includes communication, behavior, social, vocational, and functional domains as needed

related services

services students with disabilities need to benefit from their educational experience. Examples include transportation, speech therapy, physical therapy, and counseling.

modification

special education service for students with significant disabilities that compromises changes to what the student learns, usually implying that some of the standard curriculum is removed or significantly altered.

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

Federal education law that updates the 1975 Education for All Handicapped Children Act and ensures that students with disabilities receive special education and related services through prescribed policies and procedures.

Individualized education program (IEP)

document prepared by the multidisciplinary team or annual review team that specifies a student's level of functioning and needs, the instructional goals and objectives for the student and how they will be evaluated, the nature and extent of special education and related services to be received, and the initiation date and duration of services. Each student's IEP is updated annually.

Brown vs. Board of Education

Supreme Court decision in 1954 that established that it is unlawful and discriminatory to create separate schools for African American students. This concept of "separate cannot be equal" was later applied to students with disabilities.

Section 504

The section of the Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973 that prohibits discrimination against all individuals with disabilities in programs that receive federal funds.

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

Civil rights law passed in 1990 that protects individuals with disabilities from discrimination and requires building and transportation accessibility and reasonable accommodations in the workplace.

Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments (ADAA)

Federal law passed in 2008 extending the rights of individuals with disabilities, birth to death, and based on the 1990 ADA.

Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA)

Federal law passed in 2002, also known as the No Child Left Behind Act, that has a primary goal of ensuring that all students, including those who live in poverty and who have disabilities, have equal access to a high-quality education.

No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)

Reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965; this law set high standards for student achievement and increased accountability for student learning and criteria by which teachers are considered highly qualified.

Response to Intervention (RtI)

An approach for the identification of learning disabilities based on whether student learning progress improves or fails to improve after the student receives increasingly intense, research-based interventions; the latter may be an indication of a learning disability

positive behavior supports (PBS)

research-based, systematic approaches related to student behavior and designed to enhance the learning environment and improve outcomes for students

multi-tiered systems of support (MTSS)

A comprehensive, evidence-based approach to responding quickly to students' academic and behavioral challenges; it is based on principles of response to intervention and positive behavioral supports.

evidence-based practice

Instructional techniques that have been shown by research to be most likely to improve student outcomes in a meaningful way.

inclusive practices

Term to describe a professional belief that students with disabilities should be integrated into general education classrooms whether or not they can meet traditional curricular standards and should be full members of those classrooms.

mainstreaming

Term for placing students with disabilities in general education settings when they can meet traditional academic expectations with minimal assistance, or when those expectations are not relevant.

hard of hearing

Hearing impairment in which an individual has some hearing through which to process linguistic information, possibly with the assistance of hearing aids or other hearing devices.

deaf

Hearing impairment in which the individual cannot process linguistic information through hearing with or without the use of hearing aids and relies on visual and other input for learning.

partial sight

Condition in which the individual has an inability or a limited ability to receive information visually, so much so that it interferes with learning.

deaf-blind

Condition in which the individual has both significant visual and hearing impairments that interfere with learning.

multiple disabilities

Condition in which individuals have two or more of the disabilities outlined in IDEA, although no one can be determined to be predominant.

cross-categorical approach

Instructional approach in which the cognitive, learning, affective, and social and emotional needs of students, not their disability labels, form the basis for planning and delivering instruction.

attention deficit hyperactivity deficit (ADHD)

Medical condition in which students have significant inability to attend, excessive motor activity, and/or impulsivity.

self-determination

Providing meaningful opportunities for students with disabilities to express their needs and goals so that their wishes guide decision making.

intervention assistance team

Group of professionals, including general education teachers, that analyzes the strengths and problems of referred students to identify strategies to address the problems. If not successful, this team may recommend that a student be assessed to determine special education eligibility.

annual review

Yearly process of convening a team that includes a parent, teacher, administrator, and others as needed to review and update a student's IEP.

3-year reevaluation

Triannual process of reassessing the needs of a student with a disability, carried out by a multidisciplinary team.

due process

Procedures outlined in IDEA for ensuring that parents' and children's rights are protected and for resolving disputes between parents and school district personnel concerning any aspect of special education.

mediation

process in which a neutral professional assists parents and school district personnel in resolving disputes concerning any aspect of a student's special education.

transition plan

Document for students with disabilities who are as 14 year olds that describes strategies for assisting them to prepare to leave school for adult life.

resource room

Special education setting in which a special education teacher works with groups of students with disabilities for parts of the school day.