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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
knowledge class
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a class supported solely by its participation in the new information industries with little, if any, reliance upon traditional manufacturing, production, or agriculture.
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worldview
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an encompassing set of moral, ethical, and philosophical principles and beliefs that govern the way people live their lives and interact with others.
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cultural identity
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composed of ethnicity, culture, gender, age, life stage, beliefs, values, and assumptions, is the degree to which you identify with your culture, and it is determined by the values you support.
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culture
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the ever changing values, traditions, social and political relationships, and world-view created and shared by a group of people bound together by a combination of factors (which can include a common history, geographic location, language, social class, and/or religion)
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co-culture
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represents nonwhites, women, people with disabilities, homosexuals, and those in the lower social classes who have specific patterns of behavior that set them off from other groups within a culture.
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Importance of Studying Intercultural Communication
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1)Understanding Your Own Identity
2)Enhancing Personal and Social Interactions 3)Solving Misunderstandings, Miscommunications, and Mistrust 4)Enhancing and Enriching the Quality of Civilization 5)Becoming Effective Citizens of Our National Communities |
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national communities
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are co-cultural groupings within the country
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power distance
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a way of contrasting a group of cultures to another group of cultures by measuring social inequality in each.
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individualism versus collectivism
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the degree of integration and orientation of individuals withing groups
-individualistic culture such as US, Great Britain value self-expression, view speaking out as a way to solve problems, and use confrontational strategies to deal with interpersonal problems -collectivist cultures such Asian, African countries, people have unquestioning loyalty to the group, and when in conflict they use avoidance, intermediaries, and other face-saving techniques. |
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femininity versus masculinity
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a way of contrasting a group of cultures to another group of cultures that looks at the division of rules between men and women
-High-feminine culture believe women should be nurturant, concerned for the quality of life, and reveal sympathy for the unfortunate -High-masculine cultures believe men should be concerned about wealth, achievement, challenge, ambition, promotion, and that they should be assertive, competitive, tough, and recognize achievements. |
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uncertainty avoidance
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compares tolerance for the unknown when contrasting a group of cultures to another group of cultures.
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long-term orientation
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measures the trade-off between long-term and short-term gratification of needs.
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high context versus low context
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contrasts how much information is carried in the context (high) and how much in the code or message (low).
-In high-context communication most of the information is already in the person; very little information is in the coded, explicit, intentionally transmitted part of the message. -low-context messages in which the majority of the information is in the communication itself--not in the context. |
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ethnoncentrism
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the belief that one's own cultural group's behaviors, norms, ways of thinking, and ways of being are superior to all other cultural groups.
-ethnocentrism carries devotion to the extreme point where you cannot believe that another culture's behaviors, norms, ways of thinking, and ways of being are as good or as worthy as your own. |
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stereotypes
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oversimplified or distorted views of another race, another ethnic group, or even another culture.
-they are simply ways to categorize and generalize from the overwhelming amount of information we receive daily. |
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prejudice
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a negative attitude toward a cultural group based on little or no experience.
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discrimination
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the overt actions one takes to exclude, avoid, or distance oneself from other groups
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dominant culture
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includes white people from a European background
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nondominant culture
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includes people of color; women; gays, lesbians, and bisexuals; and those whose socioeconomic background is lower than middle class.
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assimilation
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when nondominants drop their cultural differences and distinctive characteristics that would identify them with the nondominant group
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nonassertive assimilation
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-emphasizing what the dominant and nondominant groups have in common
-acting positive -censoring remarks that might offend the dominant group -avoiding controversy |
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assertive assimilation
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-carefully preparing for meeting dominant-group members
-manipulating stereotypes -bargaining |
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aggressive assimilation
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-disassociating from one's own group
-copying dominant-group behavior -avoiding interaction with other co-cultural groups -ridiculing oneself |
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accommodation
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getting the dominant group to reinvent, or at least change, the rules so that they incorporate the life experiences of the nondominant group
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nonassertive accommodation
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-increasing visibility
-avoiding stereotypes |
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assertive accommodation
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-letting dominant group members know who they really are
-identifying and working with dominant group members who have similar goals -identifying members of the dominant group who can support, guide, and assist -educating others |
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aggressive accommodation
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-confronting members of the dominant group when they violate the rights of others
-referring to dominant group oppression of nondominant group |
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separation
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nondominants do not want to form a common bond with the dominant culture, so they separate into a group that includes only members like themselves.
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nonassertive separation
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-maintaining barriers between themselves and the dominant group
-keeping away from places where dominant group members are found |
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assertive separation
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-asserting their voice regardless of the consequences
-making references to dominant group oppression with the goal of gaining advantage |
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aggressive separation
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-making direct attacks on dominant group members
-undermining the dominant group by not letting its members take advantage of their privileged position |
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improving intercultural communication
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1)Pay attention to your words and actions
2)Control your assumptions 3)Engage in transpection 4)Gain knowledge 5)Gain experience |
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assumption
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a taking for granted or supposition that something is a fact
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transpection
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the process of empathizing across cultures. trying to see the world exactly as the other person sees it.
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accommodation
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getting the dominant group to reinvent, or at least change, the rules so that they incorporate the life experiences of the nondominant group
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nonassertive accommodation
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-increasing visibility
-avoiding stereotypes |
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assertive accommodation
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-letting dominant group members know who they really are
-identifying and working with dominant group members who have similar goals -identifying members of the dominant group who can support, guide, and assist -educating others |
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aggressive accommodation
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-confronting members of the dominant group when they violate the rights of others
-referring to dominant group oppression of nondominant group |
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separation
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nondominants do not want to form a common bond with the dominant culture, so they separate into a group that includes only members like themselves.
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nonassertive separation
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-maintaining barriers between themselves and the dominant group
-keeping away from places where dominant group members are found |
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assertive separation
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-asserting their voice regardless of the consequences
-making references to dominant group oppression with the goal of gaining advantage |
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aggressive separation
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-making direct attacks on dominant group members
-undermining the dominant group by not letting its members take advantage of their privileged position |
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improving intercultural communication
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1)Pay attention to your words and actions
2)Control your assumptions 3)Engage in transpection 4)Gain knowledge 5)Gain experience |
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assumption
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a taking for granted or supposition that something is a fact
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transpection
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the process of empathizing across cultures. trying to see the world exactly as the other person sees it.
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