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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Strategic flexibility (SF)
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expanding your communication repertoire to enable you to use the best skill or behavior available for a particular situation.
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Six steps of SF
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Anticipate, Assess, Evaluate, Select, Apply, Reassess and reevaluate.
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Anticipate
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think about potential situations and the needs and requirements likely to arise because of them. They key to anticipation is FORECASTING.
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Assess
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Take stock of the factors, elements and conditions of the situations in which you find yourself. The key to assessment is ALERTNESS.
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Evaluate
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Determine the value and worth of the factors, elements, and conditions to all those involved and how they bear on your own skills, and abilities. The key to evaluation is ACCURACY.
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Select
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Carefully select from your repertoire of available skills and behaviors those likely to have the greatest impact on the current (future) situations and also predict and forecast the potential effects of the skills and behaviors that will be used. The key to the selection process is APPROPRIATENESS.
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Apply
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All the factors that are likely to be affected, apply the skills and behaviors you have selected with care, concern and attention. The key to application is RELEVANCE.
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Reassess and reevaluate
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Feedback may result in the application of further skills and behaviors needed to clarify, extend, continue, or even terminate the situation. The key to reassessment and reevaluation is ACCURATE, CAREFUL OBSERVATION.
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creativity
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the capacity to synthesize vast amounts of informatin and wrestle with complex problems.
(offers some of the creative force that drives successful SF, and SF provides the opportunities when you can apply your best creative thinking to a task.) |
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communication
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Any process in which people share information, ideas, and feelings. (anything that adds meaning to a message and that it is always changing.)
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Elements of Communication
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sender-receivers, messages, channels, feedback, noise, setting
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sender-receivers
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both sending and receiving at the same time. (shares meaning)
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message
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is made up of the ideas and feelings that sender-receivers want to share. (content of what someone is saying)
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symbol
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something that stands for something else
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verbal symbols
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the words in a language that stands for particular things of ideas.
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concrete symbol
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a symbol that represents an object. (ex.- chair)
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abstract symbols
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stand for ideas.
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nonverbal symbols
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Communication without using words
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channel
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the route traveled by a message; it is the means a message uses to rech the sender-receivers.
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feedback
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the response of the receiver-senders to each other.
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sensory acuity
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paying attentionto all elements in the communicaiton environment.
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noise
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interference that keeps a message from being understood or accurately interpreted
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external noise
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comes from the environment and keeps the message from being heard or understood.
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internal noise
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occurs in the minds of the sender-receivers when their thoughts or feelings are focused on something other than the communciation at hand.
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semantic noise
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caused by people's emotional reactions to words. (ex. tuning out profanity)
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setting
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the environment in which the communication occurs. Settings can have a significant influence on communication.
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Three Principles of Transactional Communication
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1)Participation is continuous and simultaneous
2)All communicaitons have a past, a present, and a future 3)All communicators play roles |
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Roles
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-parts you play or ways you behave with others
-do not always stay the same in a relationship, they vary with other's moods or with one's own, with the setting and the noise factor |
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intrapersonal communication
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communication that occurs within you. it involves thoughts, feelings, and the way you look at yourself.
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interpersonal communication
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occurs when you communicate on a one-to-one basis--usually in an informal, unstructured setting.
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small-group communication
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occurs when a small number of people meet to solve a problem.
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computer-mediated communication (CMC)
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-a wide range of technologies that facilitate both human communication and the interactive sharing of information through computer networks, including e-mail, discussion group, newsgroups, chat, instant messages and web pages.
-occurs over a single channel, it is asynchronous (the time and place for communication is at the discretion of the individual) -exhibits social leveling (it brings all people, of whatever status they hold in society, to a near equal footing or level) as the cues to social status are removed. |
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public communication
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the sender-receiver (the speaker) sends a message (the speech) to an audience.
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culture
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the ever-changing values, traditions, social and political relationships, and worldview created and shared by a group of people bound together by a combination of factors.
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co-culture
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people who are part of a larger culture but also belong to a smaller goroupd that has some different values, attitudes, or beliefs.
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intercultural communication
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the communication that occurs whenever two or more people from different cultures interact. This studies how differences between people affect their perceptions of the world and thus, their communication.
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ethical communication
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a component of each of the six types of communication, is communication that is honest, fair, and considerate of other's rights
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synchronous communication
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talk that occurs at the same time with no time delay
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asynchronous communication
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does not occur at the same time, such as email messages or when you seek information form Web sites
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globalizaiton
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there are no limitations becuase of border
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temporality
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there are no limitations because of time
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access to roles
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whoever has the technical capacity to receive messages with a computer can also send them; (without restrictions on their roles)
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content openness
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there are no limitations on content.
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self-concept
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how you think and feel about yourself.
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perception
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how you look at others and the world around you.
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Role of Self Concept & Perception
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they are connected and changing
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Elements of self-concept
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reflected appraisals, social comparisons, self-perception
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reflected appraisals
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messages you get about yourself from others.
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scripts
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lines that someone gives you
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self-fulfilling prophecies
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events or actions that oocur because you (and other people) have expected them.
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social comparison
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comparing yourself with others to see how you measure up
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self-perception
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the way you see yourself
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psychological safety
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the approval and support that we get from familiar people, ideas, and situations
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psychological risk
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involves taking a chance on something new.
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map is not the territory
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-we create internal maps of reality
-we react to the maps inside our hearts, not the territory outside our heads -no two people have the same map -creating personal change requires changing the maps -your maps of reality are not who you are |
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psychological sets
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a type of perceptual filter to expectations or predispositions to respond
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The Perceptual Process
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three step:
-select information -organize information -intepret information |
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Imperfect perceptions
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deletions, distortions, generalizations
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deletions
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blotting out, erasing, or canceling information
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distortions
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twisting or bending information out of shape
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generalizations
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drawing principles or conclusions from particular evidence or facts
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perceptual filters
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limitations that result from the narrowed lens through which you view the world
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objective reality
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the actual territory or external reality everyone experiences
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subjective view
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your personal mental maps of the world
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Adjusting to Perceptual Influences
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-stay healthy, get rest, and exercise
-avoid hasty conclusions -take more time -be available -be committed -be prepared to change |