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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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public speaking
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-Highly structured
-formal language -different method of delivery |
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conversation
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-organizing thoughts logically
-tailoring message to audience -telling a story for maximum impact -adapting to listener feedback |
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communication model
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Situation:
Speaker: Channel: Interference: Message: Listner: Feedback: |
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frame of reference
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The sum of a person's knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes. No two people can have exactly the same frame of reference.
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hearing
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The vibration of sound waves on the eardrums and the firing of electrochemical impulses in the brain.
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listening
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Paying close attention to, and making sense of, what we hear.
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appreciative listening
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Listening for pleasure or enjoyment.
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critical listening
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Listening to evaluate a message for purposes of accepting or rejecting it.
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empathic listening
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Listening to provide emotional support for a speaker.
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comprehensive listening
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Listening to understand the message of a speaker.
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general purpose statement
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The broad goal of a speech.
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specific purpose statement
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A single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in his or her speech.
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chronological organization
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A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern.
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spatial organization
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A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a directional pattern.
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problem-solution organization
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A method of speech organization in which the first main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem.
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topical organization
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A method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics.
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speaker credibility
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The audience's perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic.
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advantages of using visual aids
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-illustrate points
-summarize information -more interesting -easier to grasp -retain longer |
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how to use visual aids
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-avoid chalkboard
-display where visible -avoid passing them to audience -only display when discussing them -face the audience while using -explain them -practice with them |
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ethics
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The branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs.
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ethical guidelines
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-make sure your goals are ethically sound
-Be fully prepared for each speech -Be honest in what you say -Avoid name calling and other forms of abusive language |
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To inform
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a
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To persuade
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a
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To entertain
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a
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egocentric
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The tendency of people to be concerned above all with their own values, beliefs, and well-being.
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3 factors of audience’s disposition
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a
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types of opening interest devices
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8
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reasons and purpose of opening interesting device
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-get attention of the audience
-allow time for audience to settle and get ready to receive message -may be used to establish rapport -should set stage and mood for speech -should be related to speech in subject matter |
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reasons and purpose of closing interest device
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-Round out speech and leave audience psychologically satisfied
-Leave audience with a partying thought or lasting impression -End speech smoothly -Drive a point home again |
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persuasive speech
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A speech designed to change or reinforce the audience's beliefs or actions.
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informative speech
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A speech designed to convey knowledge and understanding.
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how to deal with nervousness
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-acquire expierence
-Prepare -Think positively -Use visualization -Know that most nervousness is not visible -Don't expect perfection |
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visualization
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Mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures himself or herself giving a successful presentation.
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Speaker
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the person who is presenting an oral message to a listener
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message
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whatever a speaker communicates to someone else
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channel
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the means by which a message is communicated
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listener
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the person whom receives the speaker's message
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feedback
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the messages, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker
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Interference
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anything that impedes the communication of a message. Interference can be external or internal to listeners.
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situation
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the time and place in which speech communication occurs
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How to prepare visual aid
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-prepare in advance
-keep simple -large enough -Easy to read font and limited variety -use color effectively |
