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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is sound? |
A source that creates sound in a medium such as air. |
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What is transduction? |
The conversion of sound/physical energy into electrical energy. The reverse also applies.
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Sound is a...(complete the statement) |
...psycho-physical perception in the auditory cortex of the brain. |
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These two properties affect how sound travels through air: |
Air Density(Air Pressure) and Temperature |
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Air possesses two properties that allow sympathetic vibrations to happen: |
Inertia and Elasticity |
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Inertia is: |
The Movement of sound. |
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Elasticity is: |
The Opposing Force. |
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What is the Inverse Square Law? |
It is a guideline that describes how a sound's intensity, or loudness, diminishes based on distance travelled. |
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The more dense the air is... |
...the slower sound moves through it. |
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Inversely, the less dense the air is... |
...the faster sound will move through it. |
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When the sound source and the waveform are moving through the medium parallel to each other, it is called... |
Longitudinal Wave Motion |
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When the sound source and the waveform are moving perpendicular to each other, it is called... |
Transverse Wave Motion |
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Amplitude, Period, Wavelength, Velocity and Frequency are all characteristics of what? |
Characteristics of a Waveform. |
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Amplitude is measured in... |
...deciBels. |
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What is the "dual nature of sound"? |
1). Sound is a physical disturbance. 2). Sound is a psycho-physical perception, or cognitive response. |
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How do we calculate Wavelength? |
The Speed of Sound divided by Frequency. eg: 1130 / 440 = 2.57 feet |
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What does SPL stand for and what does it mean? |
SPL, Sound Pressure Level is a ratio of the absolute frequency, Sound Pressure and a reference level(usually the threshold of hearing[20Hz-20kHz]). |
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When half the wavelength of a frequency equals the distance between two parallel walls; what is this known as? |
Standing Waves, or Room Resonance. |
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The longest dimension of the room is at least half the wavelength you intend to hear for what?
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Bass frequencies. |
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When sound bends around an object, what is it called? |
Diffraction |
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What kind of curve reflects sound to a focal point? |
A concave curve. |
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What is Flutter Echo? |
A series of rapid, repeated reflections caused by sound waves bouncing around between parallel surfaces. |
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When two waves are at 180 degrees, what happens? |
Phase Cancellation |
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How is phase described? |
In degrees. |
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What is a Doppler Effect? |
When pitch is affected by a sound wave accelerating when moving towards you, and decelerating when moving away.
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Name the parts of the Outer Ear. |
1). Pinna 2). Auditory Canal 3). Tympanic Membrane |
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Name the parts of the Middle Ear. |
1). Ossicles 2). Eustachian Tube 3). Air-Filled Chamber |
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Name the parts of the Inner Ear. |
1). Cochlea 2). Tectoral Membrane 3). Organ of Corti 4). Basilar Membrane |
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When the hairs in the Basilar Membrane are spread over Frequency dependant places, what is it called? |
Place Theory |
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What is dBA? |
"Contour Filter A"; A High Pass Filter A filter that approximates human hearing at quiet levels when testing equipment. |
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What is dBC? |
"Contour Filter C"; Also a High Pass Filter. Uses lower levels than dBA. |
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What does Phon indicate? |
It indicates how loud a frequency must be in order to be as loud as 1kHz.
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What is Masking? |
When loud sounds drown out other sounds. |
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What is Temporary Threshold Shift and how does it happen? |
It is the ear's way to protect itself from loud sounds. Muscles in the ear pull the Ossicles away to lessen vibrations to the Cochlea. |
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What is Permanent Threshold Shift? |
Over exposure to loud sounds causing permanent hearing loss. |
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When hairs go into shock they cause a permanent ringing in the ears. What is this called? |
Tinnitus |
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What is Binaural Localization? |
The ability to locate where a sound is coming from. |
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What is Inter-Aural Intensity Difference? |
When sound loses intensity over distance. |
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What does the Pinnae do? |
They determine which direction a sound is coming from in our ear. |
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What are the three elements in the Perception of Space? |
1). Direct Sound 2). Reflections 3). Reverberation |
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Define Direct Sound. |
The purest form of sound. The shortest distance from the sound to the perceiver. |
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What is Reverberation? |
Reflected energy from anywhere in a room. It tells us the material of the walls or surfaces it is coming from. |
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What is Reflection and what does it tell us? |
Reflection is a single bounce from a surface to the perceiver. It tells us the size of a room and has the potential to colour the sound. |
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What is Phon based upon? |
It is based on the equal loudness curves. |
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What is a deciBel? |
A logarithmic scale relating loudness of sound to human hearing. |
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What does the Organ of Corti do? |
Converts sound vibrations into electrical nerve impulses to the brain. |
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Where is the Organ of Corti located? |
Inside the Cochlea. |