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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Somatorysensory System - Part I
Which pathway do opiate drugs selectively block? a. Neospinothalamic tract b. Paleospinothalamic tract c. both |
b. Paleospinothalamic tract
slide #26 |
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Using a single intracellular recording electrode, in what part of a sensory neuron could you simultaneously record both receptor potentials and action potentials?
a. in the cell body b. at the node of Ranvier nearest the peripheral end c. at the receptor membrand where the stimulus occurs d. at the central axon terminals within the CNS e. there is no single point where both can be measured |
b. at the node of Ranvier nearest the peripheral end
slide #4 & Vander's p.253 |
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The modality of energy a given sensory receptor responds to in normal functioning is known as the _____ _____ for that receptor.
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Adequate stimulus
slide #13 & Vander's p.253 |
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__ and __ of receptive field help CNS to locate a stimulus on the body, distinguish size and shape of the stimulus and resolve spatial resolution.
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size and density
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Modalities have separate populations of sensory neurons specialized in detecting what kinds of stimuli?
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touch, pain, temperature, etc
Thus they transform physical energy into neural signals |
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Axons have membrane receptors that respond to specific stimuli delivered indirectly through _____ or modified epithelial cells, or directly through the membrane of ________.
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Indirectly: CT capsules or modified epithelial cells
Directly: free nerve endings |
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Each Transient Receptor Type (TRP) ion channel responds maximally to one ____ and less to another.
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adequate stimulus, the energy that elicits the greatest response. It determines which neurons will be responsible for the sensory modality perception.
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___________refers to environmental stimuli of cutaneous receptors that mediate discriminative and non-discriminative touch, temperature and pain.
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Somatosensory exteroception
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Discriminative touch is mediated by which five exteroreceptive mechanoreceptors impedded in the CT or hair follicles?
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Merkel cells SA
Ruffini corpuscle SA Meissner corpuscle FA Pacinian corpuscle FA Hair follicle FA |
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_______ are most sensitive to light touch, such as scanning the surface.
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Merkel cells- SA, form and texture
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Which two discriminative touch mechanoreceptors are slow adapting?
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Merkel cells: form, texture: fingers scanning a surface
Ruffini corpuscle: skin stretch; perception of hand shape and position |
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Which discriminative touch mechanoreceptor responds to vibratory stimuli?
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Pacinian corpuscle FA
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What part of the brain receives and perceives the information from the sensory receptive fields?
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cerebral cortex
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What is a mechanoreceptor receptive field?
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area of skin that when impacted can stimulate a single specific neuron/receptor
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What three slow adapting somatosensory modalities are mediated by free nerve endings?
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non-discriminative touch, temperature and pain- they are all slow conducting and slow adapting
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Interoreceptors mediate events from _________ structures or from ______ structures such as the muscles and CT.
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Visceral or somatic structures such as muscles and CT.
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What do the visceral afferent free nerve endings of axons within sympathetic nerves detect?
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Overwhelmed yet?!
These interoreceptors nociceptors detect tissue damage or irritation like bloating and cramping |
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What do the parasympathetic visceral afferents detect?
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These are physiologic or specialized receptors in smooth muscle, mucosae, hypothalamus, etc that detect pressure, stretch, tension, bp, gas and heat.
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Proprioceptors mediate __________ and joint position and __________. They are ______ conducting (fast or slow)
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muscle and movement
They have large axons and are fast conducting |
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Joint proprioceptors detect stretch of CT with which two receptors?
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pacinian and ruffini
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Muscle receptors detect changes in length with _________ and changes in ______ with Golgi tendon organs.
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Spindles detect changes in length
Golgi tendon detects changes in tension |
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Modality depends on specific receptors and the _______ activated by the stimulus
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pathway
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Somatosensory modalities have specific receptors, conducting velocity and ascending pathways. What system do discriminative touch, vibration and proprioception share?
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the dorsal column-leminiscal system. This means they transfer a quantitative sense that provides localization of the stimulus
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The visceral sensory information ascends in the _____ system.
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Both the dorsal column and anterolateral systems
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In the Dorsal Column Lemniscal System, the ____, ______ and _____ neurons convey information through spinal cord, brain stem and thalamus to the ________.
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first, second and third order neurons deliver to the cerebral cortex
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Touch, vibration, proprioception and part of the visceral systems travel up the _______________ system.
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dorsal column-leminiscal system
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In the Dorsal Column Lemniscal System, _______ order neurons decussate in the medulla
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Second order neurons cross over in the medulla
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In the Dorsal Column-Lemniscal System, third order thalamic neurons form part of the _______ ____ and project to primary somatosensory cortex in the __________ ______.
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internal capsule
postcentral gyrus |
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In the Dorsal Column-Lemniscal System, where do second order neurons synapse onto?
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neurons within the thalamus
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In the Dorsal Column-Lemniscal System, the _____ order sensory neuron axons synapse onto dorsal column (cuneate and gracile) nuclei in the _______.
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First order
Medulla |
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The anterolateral system includes non-discriminative touch, pain and temperature. T/F
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TRUE!...just wait, I'll mix it up when I start understanding this better!
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What travels along Lissauers tract?
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First order Aδ and C neurons branch rostrally and caudally along the dorsolateral fasciculus.
Note: Anterolateral System |
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____ lamina consist of neuronal groups segregated by modality. lamina I and II sense ____ and lamina IV senses touch
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Rexed
Pain |
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The Paleospinothalamic tract projects to the __________, medial thalamus and ________, communicating aspects of pain, ______ and ______.
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reticular formation, medial thalamus and cortex
temperature and non-discriminative touch |
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In the Dorsal Column Lemniscal System, the ____, ______ and _____ neurons convey information through spinal cord, brain stem and thalamus to the ________.
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first, second and third order neurons deliver to the cerebral cortex
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Touch, vibration, proprioception and part of the visceral systems travel up the _______________ system.
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dorsal column-leminiscal system
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In the Dorsal Column-Lemniscal System, ___________ order neurons decussate in the medulla
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In the Dorsal Column-Lemniscal System, second order neurons cross over in the medulla
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In the Dorsal Column Leminscal System, third order thalamic neurons form part of the _______ ____ and project to primary somatosensory cortex in the __________ ______.
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internal capsule
postcentral gyrus |
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In the Dorsal Column-Lemniscal System, where do second order neurons synapse?
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thalamus
Reminder: 2nd order neurons of The Dorsal Column Leminscal System decussate in the medulla |
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In the Dorsal Column-Lemniscal System, the _____ order sensory neuron axons synapse onto dorsal column (cunate adn gracile) nuclei in the _______.
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first order in medulla
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The anterolateral system includes non-discriminative touch, pain and temperature. T/F
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TRUE!...just wait, I'll mix it up when I start understanding this better!
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What travels along Lissauers tract?
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First order Adelta and C neurons branch rostrally and caudally along the dorsolateral fasciculus.
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____ lamina consist of neuronal groups segregated by modality. lamina I and II sense ____ and lamina IV senses touch
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Rexed
Pain |
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The Paleospinothalamic tract projects to the __________, medial thalamus and ________, communicating aspects of pain, ______ and ______.
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reticular formation, medial thalamus and cortex
temperature and non-discriminative touch Note: opiate drugs selectively block this pathway. |
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The ________ tract projects to lateral thalamus and _______ cortex.
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Neospinthalamic tract
to the somatosensory cortex communicates localization of sensation |
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Lateral and medial thalamic neurons are ____ order neurons of the Anterolateral System.
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third
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The reticular formation generates/communicates _______ and _______ in wide areas of the thalamus and cortex.
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alerting and wakefullness
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Sensation involves _____ ______ sampling small amounts of energy from the environment.
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Sensory receptors
Slide 2 |
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CNS activity can produce _____ that regulates sensory activity at all levels, including the receptors themselves.
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Feedback. Maintains a tolerable range of sensory stimulation.
Slide 1 |
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What type of somatosensory receptors respnd to external stimuli and include those mediating touch, pain & temp?
What type detect internal changes of the body & include those responsive to tissue stretch or chemical changes? |
Exteroreceptors
Interoreceptors Slide 3 |
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Receptors translate environmental E into _____ which in turn trigger ____ ____.
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Generator (receptor) potentials
Action potentials Slide 4 |
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Myelinated axons have larger total diameters and faster conduction velocities. True or False?
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True.
Slide 5 |
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Recordings of the summed APs measured over time at a particular site on the nerve are called __________.
Peaks in these recordings correspond to what? |
Compound Action Potentials
Axonal clusters (population size of axons with a specific degree of myelination & velocity) Slide 5 |
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In classification of nerve compound action potentials, Roman numerals apply to what type of nerves? How about letters?
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Roman numerals- Motor nerves
Letters- Sensory nerves Slides 5 & 6 |
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Sensory systems mediate what four attributes of stimuli that can be correlated with sensation?
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Intensity
Sensory Adaptation Localization Modality Slide 8 |
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According to intensity coding,
Does increased stimulus decrease or increases the AP frequency? Does a decrease in intensity reduce or increase the AP frequency? |
↑ intensity = ↑ AP
↓ intensity = ↓ AP Slide 9 |
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The decrease in neural activity with sustained stimulation is called ______.
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Sensory adaptation
Slide 10 |
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What type of sensory adaptation alerts the CNS of a change in sensory environment, ie, something is occurring?
Mechanism usually involves ion channel inactivation or receptor ______. |
Rapid adaptation
Deformation Slide 10 |
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What type of sensory adaptation communicates the status of a stimulus, ie, what is occurring?
Mechanism usually involves inactivation of what ion channels? |
Slow adaptation
Ca or Na channels Slide 10 |
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______ is the area of skin innervated by the branching of a single sensory neuron.
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Cutaneous Receptive Field (RF)
Slide 11 |
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Are densely innervated Receptive Fields large or small in area?
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Small
Slide 11 |
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Membrane receptors of axons respond indirectly through ________ and directly through ________.
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CT capsules or modified epithelial cells,
Free nerve endings Slide 12 |