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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Solute
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material being dissolves
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Solvent
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material doing the dissolving
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Solution
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combination of solute dissolved in solvent.
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Aqueous solution
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a solution with water as the solvent (like hot water and sugar)
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What does "like dissolve like" mean?
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polar solvent dissolves polar solute, non-polar solvent dissolves non-polar solute.
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What happens, from a molecular point-of-view, to a crystal lattice during the solvation process?
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As solute ions breaks away from the crystal, the positive and negative charged ions become surrounded by the solvent molecules and the ionic crystal lattice.
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Unsaturated solution
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a solution that is contains less solute than a saturated solution at a given temp and pressure.
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Saturated Solution
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a solution that contains the maximum amount of solute for a given amount of solvent at a constant temp and pressure. (the perfect amount that is needed)
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Supersaturated solution
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a solution that contains more solute than it can theoretically hold at a given temp. (too much solute so cannot melt/become a solution)
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How does Temperature affect the solubility of a solute?
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Increases the kinetic energy
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How does Agitation affect the solubility of a solute?
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Increases rate of the collision.
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How does Particle Size affect the solubility of a solute?
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Increases surface area.
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What is Molarity?
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The concentration of the number of moles of a solute that are dissolved in 1 Kilogram of a solvent.
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What is the equation of Molarity?
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M=n/v
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Arrhenius Base
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substance that produces an OH- ions when dissolved in water.
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Arrhenius Acid
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substance that produces H+ ions when dissolved in water.
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Bronsted-Lowry Acid
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substance that is an H+ ion donor.
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Bronsted-Lowry Base
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substance that is an H+ acceptor.
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4 Properties of Acids
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Taste sour, will change color of an acid-base indicator, can be strong electrolytes in aqueous solution, and can be weak electrolytes in aqueous solution.
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4 Properties of Bases
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Taste bitter, will change color of an acid-base indicator, feels slippery, and can be strong or weak electrolytes in aqueous solution.
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What is the defining feature of a strong acid & strong base?
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They will completely dissociate (completely separate into ions) when added to water.
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What is the defining feature of a weak acid & weak base?
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They will only partially dissociate (partly separate into ions) when added to water.
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Repolarization
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A change in membrane potential returning to the initial resting (polarized) state; cell interior becomes relatively more negative than cell exterior. (Na+ gates close not allowing them to pass through, K+ passes through).
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Hyperpolarization
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The process by which the membrane potential of a cell changes to become more negative than its resting membrane potential.
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-70mV
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Resting Potential
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-55mV
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Depolarization/Threshold
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-85mV
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Hyperpolarization
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4 types of neuroglias in cns
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astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microgli, ependymal.
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2 types of neuroglias in pns
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Schwann, satellite
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Myelination
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Axons of most mammalian neurons are surrounded by a multilayered coating.
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Myelinated Axon
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Greatly increases speed of nerve impulse conduction. Also, response to stimuli gets more rapid and coordinated.
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