Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Putting a Saddle on a Cow
|
- Stalin said this of Poland in their efforts to introduce communism
- This led to widespread riots in 1956 - The communist failed to monopolize the society |
|
Polish Economic Miracle
|
- New communist leader wagered that massive inflows of Western capital and technologies, esp. from the rich and now friendly W. Germany
- Beurucratic incompetence and the oil shock of 1973 put the economy into a nosedive |
|
The Real Miracle
|
- Cardinal Karol Wojtyla, archbishop of Cracow, was elected to Pope in 1978.
- In June 1979 he preached from love of Christ and country and the inalienable rights of man |
|
Lenin Shipyards in Gdansk Strike
|
- August 1980
- 16,000 workers laid down their tools and occupied the plant in Solidarity - Demanded the right to form free trade unions, freedom of speech, release of political prisoners and economic reform |
|
Gdansk Agreement
|
- The govt. accepted the workers demand in this Agreement
- The working class revolt had won an unprecedented victory |
|
Solidarity Trade Union
|
- Formed from the Gdanks Agreement
- Free and democratic trade union - Became a union of a nation - By March 1981, a full-time staff of 40,000 linked 9.5 million union members - Its leaders had tremendous support |
|
The Red Army
|
- History, the Brezhnev Doctrine and virulent attacks from communist neighbors were concerning
- If Polish Communists "lost control" the Red Army could take over and cause a terrible bloodbath - Solidarity remained a self-limiting revolution, defending the Gdansk Agreement |
|
Walesa Leadership
|
- Dropped plans for a massive, general strike
- Criticized for his moderate leadership - Solidarity lost its cohesiveness |
|
General Wojciech Jaruzelski
|
- Struck in Dec. 1981, proclaiming martial law, arresting Solidarity's leaders and saving the nation
|
|
Solidarity Driven Underground
|
- Solidarity was outlawed and driven underground
- Fought successfully to maintain its organization and to voice the aspirations of the Polish masses after 1981 - Part of survival was due to the govt's unwillingness to impose terror Many poles acted as if they were free |
|
Rebirth of Solidarity at the end of the 80s
|
- Cultural and intellectual life remained extremely vigorous
- Polish economy continued to deteriorate - Popular support of Solidarity remained |
|
Eastern Europeans Desire
|
- Survival of Solidarity demonstrated EE's desire of millions for greater political liberty and enduring appeal of cultural freedom, trade union rights, patriotic nationalism and religious freedom
- It challenged fresh thinking in the S.U., the key to lasting change in the Eastern bloc |