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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List 4 radiological discovery of Mass Effect in brain
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1. effacement of sulci
2. ventricular compression 3. midline shift 4. hydrocephalus |
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What are intra-axial mass and extra-axial mass?
What effect do they have on brain tissue? |
Intra-axial = within the brain
Extra-axial = outside the brain Intra-axial : expanding the brain Extra-axial : compressing the brain |
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When a tumour is inside the brain, we call it _________ tumour.
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Intra-axial
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When a tumour is outside the brain, we call it ___________tumour
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Extra-axial
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How to distinguish intra-axial mass from extra-axial mass?
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Intra-axial Extra-axial
Cortex Toward skull Away from Contrast enhancement variable marked Gyral broadening Broad contact with dura/bone Dural feeding arteries |
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Give 4 common intra-axial masses
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1. metastasis/tumour
2. hematoma 3. abscess 4. infarct |
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Give 2 common extra-axial masses
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1. epidural/subdural hematoma
2. meningioma |
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What can a disease with multiple intra-axial calcification with no mass effect be?
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Neurocysticercosis
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What can we see in the imaging of neurocysticercosis?
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Multiple calcification
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Give 3 mass effects which are neurologic emergency.
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1. Herniation
2. Compression of important structure (i.e. optic chiasm) 3. Obstructive hydrocephalus (i.e. cerebellar medulloblastoma) |
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Give 4 common types of brain herniation
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1. subfalcine
2. transtentorial 3. tonsillar 4. uncal |
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Give 4 causes of brain abscess
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1. haematogenous
2. direct extension 3. penetration 4. cryptogenic/idiopathic |
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What is the location of brain abscess from hemotogenous source?
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At the grey/white junction.
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What can we see from plain CT of brain abscess?
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Surrounding edema
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What can we see from contrast CT of brain abscess?
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1. Ring enhancement
2. thin wall |
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What can we see from MRI of brain abscess?
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1. Ring enhancement
2. Hypointense rim 3. Central high signal intensity on T2W due to liquefaction |
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What will steroid do on the imaging of brain abscess?
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It suppresses edema, and supressed ring enhancement in contrast CT
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Give 2 complications of brain abscess
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1. daughter abscesses
2. ventriculitis |
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Where is CSF produced?
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Choroid plexus in lateral ventricle
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What are the 2 main types of hydrocephalus
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1. Communicating / non-obstructive
2. Obstructive / non-communicating |
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What is communicating hydrocephalus?
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Blockade beyond the 4th ventricle, in subarachnoid
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What is obstructive hydrocephalus?
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Blockade in ventricular system
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What is the mechanism of obstructive hydrocephalus?
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Reduced absorption in arachnoid granulation
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What is the mechanism of communicating hydrocephalus?
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1. CSF overproduction
2. imparied venous drainage 3. congenital absence of arachnoid granulation |
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How to distinguish between communicating and obstructive hydrocephalus in imaging
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1. ventricular dilation: proximal to blockade in obstructive, symmetriacl dilation of all ventricles in communicating
2. colloid cyst in non-communicating |
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In hydrocephalus, what imaging indicate acute worsening?
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Transependymal migration of CSF into brain parenchyma
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What is the significance of transpendymal migration of CSF into brain parenchyma in brain imaging?
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Acute worsening.
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Is hydrocephalus always accompanied with high pressure?
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No.
Normal pressure hydrocephalus can happen (in elderly?). |
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Which is more common, obstructive or communicating hydrocephalus?
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Obstructive hydrocephalus is much more common
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What is normal pressure hydrocephalus?
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A form of chronic communicating hydrocephalus (where new CSF ciruculation equilibrium is established)
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