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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are soft tissue tumors?
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-tumors of mesenchymal non-epithelial tissues (excluding viscera)
-includes muscles, fibrous CT, fat, blood vessels and nerves -benign to malignant 100:1 |
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What do soft tissue tumors have a high association w/?
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1. Radiation
2. Trauma 3. Burns 4. Herbicides |
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What are 4 associated genetic syndromes w/ Soft Tissue tumors?
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1. neurofibromatosis Type 1
2. Gardener 3. Lu-fraumeni (p53 mutation) 4. Osler-Weber-Rendu (hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia) |
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What features influence prognosis of soft tissue tumors?
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1. Histologic type
2. grade 3. stage of tumor |
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What are lipomas?
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-most frequent soft tissue tumor in subcutaneous tissues
-encapsulated, composed of mature adipose tissue -soft to touch, movable painless |
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What are liposarcomas?
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-2nd most common sarcoma in adults; uncommon in children
-bulky tumors (thigh, retroperitoneum) -poorly differentiated = aggressive (85-90% metastisize) |
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What is the micro appearance of liposarcomas?
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-ring chromosome cells with an abundant clear multi-vaculated cytoplasm and an eccentric darkly staining vacuole compressed nucleus*
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Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma
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-mobile well-defined nodule in subQ tissue, mainly in limbs
-cells resemble fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, or histiocytes -benign tumors in skin called DERMATOFIBROSIS* |
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Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH)
aka Pleomorphic Spindle Cell Sarcoma |
-most common malignant soft tissue tumor (primarily in extremities)*
-areas of hemorrhage and necrosis -may occur as radiation induced sarcoma -hematogenous spread to lungs |
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Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH)
aka Pleomorphic Spindle Cell Sarcoma: Micro Appearance: |
*pleomorphic anaplastic spindle cells (storiform pattern- cartwheel pattern, such as spindle cells having elongated nuclie radiatingn from a center) w/ giant tumor cells and abnormal mitosis
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What is a fibroma?
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-well-defined gray mass, composed of mature fibrous tissue
-occurs in soft tissues as well as around the teeth and ovary |
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What is a fibrosarcoma?
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-occurs in deep soft tissues (thigh)
-slow-growing and painless -HERRINGBONE PATTERN- SPINDLE SHAPED CELLS W/ FASICULAR GROWTH |
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Rhabdomyoma
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-benign tumor of skeletal muscle
-arises in in tongue and heart (associated w/ tuberous sclerosis, autosomal dominant) |
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Tuberous Sclerosis
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-mutations in chromo 9,16
-benign tumors in brain, heart, kidney, retina and skin -brain--> cortical tubers (abnL glial and neural cells) and subependmyal hamartomas -heart-->rabdomyomas (large cells w/ spider-like nuclei) |
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What are the 4 types of Rhabdomyoscarcomas?
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-most freq soft tissue sarcoma in kids and young adults
1. Embryonal 2. Botryoid 3. Alveolar 4. Pleomorphic |
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Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
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head and neck
-consists of sheets of small round cells |
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Botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma
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-GU, biliary, URT of young kids
-POLYPOID, SOFT GRAPE-LIKE APPEARANCE (undifferentiated rhabdolyoblasts in myxoid stroma) |
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Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma
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-10-25 y/o
-extremities, undiff rhabdomyoblasts in alveolar or pseudoglandular arrangement |
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Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma
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-*adult > 45 y/o RARE
-muscles of lower limbs -large, atypical tumor cells -highly malignant |
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Pseudosarcomatous Proliferation
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-idiopathic etiology (assoc w/ local trauma or irritation)
-increased incidence of fibromatosis in diabetes, alcoholics, and eplipetics -develops suddenly and grows rapidly |
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Nodular Fasciitis
aka Pseudosarcomatous fasciitis |
-reactive cell proliferation (secondary to trauma) - adults
-Fribroblasts in loose myxoid -small masses in extremities -NO ANAPLASIA -D/D FIBROSARCOMA |
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Traumatic Myositis Ossificans
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-cicrumscribed nonencapsulated mass w/in muscle extremities
-proliferated fibroblasts in myxoid stroma a/w cartilage and bone form -hemorrhages -D/D Osteosarcoma |
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Fibromatosis
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-locally invasive (no metastasis)
-abdominal: affects mothers in perinatal period -extra-abdominal m=f -intra abdominal a/w Gardner Syndr -nonencaps exuberant fibroprolif lesion ( young women) -white scar like tumor w/ bands |
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Palmar fibromatosis
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-dupuytren contracture on palm of hand
-fixed flexion contracture of hand where the fingers bend towards the palm and can't be fully extended |
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Penile fibromatosis
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-peyronie disease
-fibrous envelope surrounding the penile corpora cavernosa causing an abnormal curvature of the penis |
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Deep-seated fibroma
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-Desmoid Tumor
-local invasion, no metastasis -abdominal walls of young females a common site |
