Socl Exam 1

Front 1

What is the source of a far greater number of deaths and injuries than workers assaulting one another in the workplace?

Back 1

Corporate violence.

Def: Behavior that produces an unreasonable risk of physical harm to employees, the general public, and consumers resulting from deliberate decisions by corporate managers or executives.

Front 2

What turns the threat, attempt, or use of physical force by one or more persons toward others into criminal violence is _____.

Back 2

Law

Front 3

The ___ model assumes that members of society by and large agree on what is right and wrong and the law codifies these agreed-upon social values.

Back 3

Consensus Model

p. 5

Front 4

The ___ model, assumes power is the key to lawmaking. People with political and economic power make laws that protect their interests while keeping the poor at a disadvantage.

Back 4

Conflict model

p. 5

Front 5

The __ model is used to explain why laws governing white-coller and environmental crimes are infrequently and lightly enforced. These people are rarely prosecuted because of their high social status

Back 5

The Conflict Model

Front 6

According to the ____ model, social problems such as violence, comprise images and ideas that appear as subjective perceptions to us. These perceptions are socially constructed.

Back 6

Socially constructed model

Front 7

The focus of the media on drug-crazed killers, Halloween sadists, and serial killers occurs primarly because they are _____ forms of violence.

Back 7

Unusual forms of violence

Front 8

The fact that severe sanctions are imposed for the possession and use of marijuana although the drug has been shown to have little or no relationship to violence, illustrates what fact:

Back 8

The media rarely present a representative view of violence in the United States, which has an important policy implication on lawmakers.

Front 9

The Criminology Perspective

Back 9

The scientific study of the making of laws, the breaking of law, and society's reaction to the breaking of laws.

Front 10

The Criminology Perspective is made up of what 3 points?

Back 10

1. The making of laws.
2. The breaking of laws.
3. Society's reaction to the breaking of laws.

Front 11

The difference between a legal and a criminological approach to crime.

Back 11

Practitioners in the criminal justice system (police, prosecutors, judges, probation officers) are primarily interested in processing offenders according to criminal law. Their job is to work within the limits of the law.

Criminologists have the task of explaining why the behavior occurred.

Front 12

The Criminal Justice Perspective

Back 12

Multidisciplinary, assimilating the insights of a variety of social sciences (e.g, psychology, economics, history, geography, and political science)

Front 13

The difference between Criminology and the Criminal Justice perspective:

Back 13

While Criminology focuses on why criminal behavior occurred, the focus of criminal justice is the criminal justice system: law enforcement, the criminal courts, and corrections.

Front 14

Four themes of the Criminal Justice Perspective:

Back 14

1. The conflict between personal liberty and community safety.

2. Law enforcement agencies, criminal courts, and correctional agencies are part of an interacting system.

3. An Emphasis in the study of criminal justic is on the quality of decision making by those who work in the system.

4. The main resource for making decisions and understanding the criminal justice system should be a reliance on scientifically gathered and evaluated information.

Front 15

The Public Health Perspective

Back 15

Focuses on reducing the probability (risk) of harm. It emphasizes the prevention rather than reaction, and reducing risks factors than than simply incapacitating violent offenders

Front 16

The Public Heal approach views violence as:

Back 16

emerging from a complex causal system that includes, but is not limited to, offender intentions, motivations, and characteristics.

Front 17

The 3 key distinctions between public health and criminal justice approaches to violence:

Back 17

1. Criminal law and the public both place greater weight on violent incidents resulting in serious injury or threat of injury. Public Health professionals, in contrast, focus more on diseases and unintentional injuries.

2. The criminal justice system attempts to prevent violent crime through deterrence, incapacitation, or rehabilitation. To Public Health officials, the essential task is to repair the damage caused by the attack and reduce future attacks rather than assign blame.

3. Criminal justice specialists tend to focus on individual offender intentions, motivations, and backgrounds. Public health tends to see violence as emerging from complex causes, including, but not limited to the individual offender.