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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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One policy implication of Bentham's utilitarian theory is that the severity of punishment should be related to:
(a) the seriousness of the offense (b) the likelihood that the guilty will be caught (c) both of the above (d) neither of the above |
(b) the likelihood that the guilty will be caught
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Bentham's utilitarian moral philosophy holds that:
(a) all individuals should be free to pursue their individual pleasure without government supervision and control (b) all members of a society must benefit to some extent from belonging to the community (c) sacrificing one individual for the good of all can be morally justifiable (d) none of the above |
(c) sacrificing one individual for the good of all can be morally justifiable
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Exchange theory in social psychology is based upon:
(a) the notion that social organizations consist of a large number of individual actors making small deals (b) the study of how buyers and sellers determine the prices of commodities in markets (c) the application of the labor theory of value to interpersonal relationships (d) all of the above |
(a) the notion that social organizations consist of a large number of individual actors making small deals
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In classical utilitarian theory the free rider problem is a consequence of the:
(a) irrational herd instinct that kills rational calculation once individuals join a group and follows the crowd wherever it goes (b) absence within the group of a consensus among its members about the collective goal (c) the emergence of an elite that exploits the majority of the group members (d) ability of each individual member of the group to calculate immediate person advantage. |
(d) ability of each individual member of the group to calculate immediate person advantage.
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Which of the following resources are examples of social capital for Coleman?
(a) mutual obligations (b) trust (c) information (d) all of the above |
(d) all of the above
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According to Coleman heft among trades in the NY diamond market is rare because:
(a) work of a special victims unit of the NYPD (b) effectiveness of surveillance technology in jewelry stores (c) prejudice against Christian diamond dealers (d) presence in the community of Godfather figures who wreak terrible medieval-style vengeance on anyone who steals from a diamond dealer |
(c) prejudice against Christian diamond dealers
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For Coleman which of the following potential Christmas gifts are examples of social capital?
(a) A complete audiotape set of "Don't know much about..." books (b) Being sent to an extremely expensive military academy until juvenile comes to hi/her senses at age 17, 19, 21, whatever. (c) a new state of the are compute (d) all of the above (e) none of the above |
(b) Being sent to an extremely expensive military academy until juvenile comes to hi/her senses at age 17, 19, 21, whatever.
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Coleman found that dropout rates are lowest in:
(a) public schools (b) private schools generally (c) religious private schools (d) none of the above; the dropout rate depends on financial status of parents, not upon the type of school the kid attends |
(c) religious private schools
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The common place observation that "opposites attract" is the basis of Durkheim's concept of:
(a) altruism (b) anomie (c) mechanical solidarity (d) organic solidarity |
(d) organic solidarity
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Whether intentionally "putting someone in the hospital" is a felony assault depends upon where the injury is inflicted. Prosecution is typically avoided if the act occurs in an athletic contest; it is even likely if the game is professional rather than amateur. Durkheim's theory explains these variations as consequences of the perpetrator's:
(a) ability to pay for expensive lawyers (b) degree of personal responsibility in inflicting the harm (c) role in the division of labor (d) social distance between himself and the victim |
(c) role in the division of labor
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Your fellow contestants on the "reality" TV show spontaneously voted your off their stupid little island. You turn to Durkheim's for an explanation of their action. Here you learn that you can no longer be a contender because:
(a) something you did or said that objectively harmed the group (b) some individual or faction with whom you have developed a feud (c) lack of intelligence, maturity, or other psychological defect of your fellow contestants (d) some crisis affecting the group which may not have anything to with you |
(d) some crisis affecting the group which may not have anything to with you
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About 120 utopian communities were established in the US between 1780 and 1860. Rosabeth Kanter;s "Commitment and Community" identifies the characteristics of those communities that succeeded and those that failed. One feature Kanter examines is regulation of sexuality. According to Durkheim's theory of social integration which of the following communes will be most likely to survive?
(a) those like the shakers that strictly required their members to give up all sexual activity (b) those like the Onedia Community that insisted their members practice "free love" having sexual access to any and all consenting adults in the community (c) either a or b would be equally likely to persist over time (d) those communities that did not attempt to regulate human sexuality |
(c) either a or b would be equally likely to persist over time
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For Simmel the concept of the stranger includes:
(a) membership of the community voted off the island (b) person "just passing through" the community (c) permanent residents who don't speak the language (d) all of the above (e) none of the above |
(e) none of the above
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From the viewpoint of Durkheim's theory which of the following is the most likely explanation for the decline in lynching of African Americas in the South after 1890?
(a) a decline in African American crime rates (b) an increase in the price of cotton which reduced the intensity of economic frustrations that cause violent behavior (c) the diffusion of laws in the South that eliminated the right to vote for African Americans and provided that they use racially segregated drinking fountains, restaurants, railroad cars, etc. (d) the enactment of a federal anti-lynching law |
(c) the diffusion of laws in the South that eliminated the right to vote for African Americans and provided that they use racially segregated drinking fountains, restaurants, railroad cars, etc.
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For Durkheim, normal crimes are:
(a) offenses whose nature and frequency for typical types of societies (hunting and gathering bands, manufacturing cities, small rural towns) (b) minor offenses like traffic infractions (c) legally serious offenses like marijuana smoking that most people think should be decriminalized (d) offenses committed by offenders who are not psychopaths |
(a) offenses whose nature and frequency for typical types of societies (hunting and gathering bands, manufacturing cities, small rural towns)
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Durkheim's theory predicts that on average prosecution of cocaine use or violent crime increases during periods in which the actual levels of these social problems is
(a) increasing (b) decreasing (c) remaining stable (d) any of the above |
(d) any of the above
(what matters is that the community is mobilizing and feels the need to expel deviants) |
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The highest egoistic suicide rates, according to Durkheim's theory, would be found around 1900 among:
(a) Catholics (b) Calvinists (c) Jews (d) Lutherans (e) all would be roughly the same |
(b) Calvinists
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Suicide rates in US counties tend to be highest in several Western states like OR and NM. Durkheim's theory suggest that we explain much of this variation by examining which of the following variables:
(a) county's divorce rate (b) percent population of the county's population that moved into the county in the past five years (c) average size of families in the county (d) all of the above (e) none of the above |
(d) all of the above
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Which of the following, according to Durkheim, is a public policy likely to reduce the suicide rate?
(a) increase female labor force participation (b) expand oil drilling in the Gulf of Mexico so that the price of gasoline goes back to less than $1/gallon (c) expand the interstate highway system so more people can live in suburban homes with 5 acre lawns (d) all of the above (e) none of the above |
(e) none of the above
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Durkheim's theory holds that as the level of social integration goes up, the suicide rate uniformly goes
(a) up (b) down (c) stays constant (d) none of the above |
(d) none of the above
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Granovetter's research on weak ties on labor markets found that you are most likely to get a job if you:
(a) have a rich uncle (b) go to bed with anything that moves on campus (c) subscribe to a dozen major newspapers and read all the classifieds daily (d) join tons of clubs, teams, study groups, and get to know lots of different people superficially (e) become more brave, clean, reverent, obedient, cheerful, thrifty |
(d) join tons of clubs, teams, study groups, and get to know lots of different people superficially
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Merton's theory of anomie explains the higher rate of crime in the US as cause principally by:
(a) racial divisions that undermine the emergence of a unified national collective conscience (b) the shared notion that America is uniquely the land of opportunity (c) the frontier tradition that encourages individuals to settle disputes by retorting to physical violence (d) high levels of migration and immigration that produce instability in social relationships (e) all of the above |
(b) the shared notion that America is uniquely the land of opportunity
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Because about 70% of Utah's adhere to the Mormon faith the state's high rate of suicide
(a) clearly dis-confirms Durkheim's theory (b) can be explained by deep divisions w/in the Mormon Church (c) is offset by the effect of Utah's climate on the suicide rate (d) none of the above |
(d) none of the above
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According to Durkheim's concept of egoism if the murder rate is higher in one county, on average the suicide rate in that county should be:
(a) higher (b) lower (c) about the same (d) the theory doesn't imply anything about this; give me a break |
(d) the theory doesn't imply anything about this; give me a break
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Which of the following accurately represents Durkheim's analysis of the Australian aboriginal religion?
(a) While Christian theology teaches that only humans possess souls, Arunta theology teaches that identical souls are possessed by humans, plants and animals. (b) While Arunta appear to be worshiping plants and animals the actual focus of their religion is the force generated by their collective engagement in human society (c) both a and b (d) neither a nor b |
(c) both a and b
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For Durkheim how are totems similar to crimes?
(a) their objective, physical characteristics are not identical to the responses they evoke among members of a closely-knit community (b) they are focus of rituals that bring together the members of the community (c) both of the above (d) none of the above |
(c) both of the above
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In Texas v. Johnson
(a) the majority of 5 justices held that the government cannot create and enforce laws that regulate the display of the American flag (for example, the American flag must be higher than the adjacent Canadian flag at the Lakeway Inn) (b) the minority opinion of 4 justices held that flag burning could be a crime because like murder it provoked outrage in the collective conscience of the American people (c) both of the above (d) none of the above |
(b) the minority opinion of 4 justices held that flag burning could be a crime because like murder it provoked outrage in the collective conscience of the American people
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Which of the following is an example of Marx's concept of "the fetishism of commodities"?
(a) TV hostess Kathie Lee Gifford makes over $9 million a year promoting a line of Kathie Lee clothing sold through Wal-Mart discount chain. In 1991 radical labor organizers revealed that Kathie Lee clothing was made by Hatian child workers earning very low wages (b) Although few Japanese are Christians, the Christmas shopping season in Japan marks - as it does in the US - the peak period for retail sales (c) both of the above (d) none of the above |
(a) TV hostess Kathie Lee Gifford makes over $9 million a year promoting a line of Kathie Lee clothing sold through Wal-Mart discount chain. In 1991 radical labor organizers revealed that Kathie Lee clothing was made by Hatian child workers earning very low wages
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