Sociology Test Chapter 2: Research

Front 1

Sociologists obtain their knowledge of human behavior through ______, which results in a body of information that helps us move beyond guesswork and common sense in understanding society.

Back 1

Research

Front 2

In suicide, sociologist Emile Durkheim documented that a high suicide rate was symptomatic of a/an:

Back 2

Large-scale social problem

Front 3

_______ attempt to describe social reality or provide facts about some group, practice, or event. Studies of this type are designed to find out what is happening to whom, where, and when.

Back 3

Descriptive studies

Front 4

________ attempt to explain cause-and-effect relationships and to provide information on why certain events do or do not occur.

Back 4

Explanatory studies

Front 5

The relationship between theory and research has been referred to as a continuous cycle. The theory and research cycle consists of two approaches. In the _______ approach, the researcher begins with a theory and uses research to test the theory.

Back 5

Deductive

Front 6

The relationship between theory and research has been referred to as a continuous cycle. The theory and research cycle consists of two approaches. In the ________ approach, the researcher collects information or data (facts or evidence) and then generates theories from the analysis of that data.

Back 6

Inductive

Front 7

With _________ research, the goal is scientific objectively, and the focus is on data that can be measured numerically.

Back 7

Quantitative

Front 8

With __________ research, interpretative description (words) rather than statistics (numbers) is used to analyze underlying meanings and patterns of social relationships.

Back 8

Qualitative

Front 9

The first step in the "conventional" research model, which focuses on quantitative research, is to:

Back 9

Select and define the research problem

Front 10

Sociologists conducting research may formulate a/an ___________, a statement of the relationship between two or more concepts.

Back 10

Hypothesis

Front 11

In a hypothesis, the researcher considers the _________ to be the cause.

Back 11

Independent variable

Front 12

In a hypothesis, the researchers presume the __________ to be caused by another variable.

Back 12

Dependent variable

Front 13

As a researcher you must decide which population - persons about whom you want to be able to draw conclusions - will be observed or questioned. In ___________, every member of an entire population being studied has the same chance of being selected.

Back 13

Random sampling

Front 14

___________ is the extent to which a study or research instrument accurately measures what is supposed to measure.

Back 14

Validity

Front 15

__________ is the extent to which a study or research instrument yields consistent results when applied to different individuals at one time or to the same individuals overtime.

Back 15

Reliability

Front 16

A/an ___________ is a poll in which the researcher gathers facts or attempts to determine the relationships among facts.

Back 16

Survey

Front 17

Survey data are collected by using all of the following, except:

Back 17

Group interrogation

Front 18

Interviews have specific advantages. Which of the following was not identified as an advantage of interviews?

Back 18

The cost and time involved in conducting the interview and analyzing the results

Front 19

__________ is the study of social life in its natural setting: observing and interviewing people where they live, work, and play.

Back 19

Field research

Front 20

___________ refers to the process of collecting data while being part of the activities of the group that the researcher is studying.

Back 20

Participant observation

Front 21

Most participant observation research takes the form of a/an ____________, which is often an in-depth, multifaceted investigation of a single event, person, or social grouping.

Back 21

Case study

Front 22

A/an ___________ is a carefully designed situation in which the researcher studies the impact of certain variables on subjects' attitudes and behavior.

Back 22

Experiment

Front 23

The ____________ refers to changes in the subject's behavior caused by the researcher's presence or by the subject's awareness of being studied.

Back 23

Hawthorne effect

Front 24

The Code of Ethics of __________ sets forth certain basic standards that sociologists must follow in conducting research.

Back 24

The American Sociological Association

Front 25

The American Sociological Association requires that sociologists adhere to all of the following, except:

Back 25

Researchers are allowed to use any means necessary in conducting their research projects.