Sociology Mid-Term

Front 1

Unconscious decisions are called

Back 1

Choosing by default

Front 2

The text points out that shifts in balance of individuality and familism have meant that family lives have become

Back 2

Less predictable

Front 3

What factor may cause a father to make choices about his family "by default?"

Back 3

Strong day-to-day pressures on the job cutting into time at home.

Front 4

Theoretical perspectives are ways of

Back 4

Viewing reality, or ways of looking at reality.

Front 5

Which of the following is NOT among the eight theoretical perspectives on the family discussed in the text?

Back 5

Containment theory

Front 6

Theoretical perspectives or theories can increase our_______families and family life.

Back 6

understanding of

Front 7

The question of how two previously separate individuals come together and over time create a shared view of themselves as a couple would be best answered using which perspective?

Back 7

Interactionist

Front 8

A longitudinal study of the impact of group membership on self-concept confirmed Cooley's notion that social feedback shapes the self-concept, a process he termed__________.

Back 8

"the looking glass self"

Front 9

Women's domestic work was largely invisible in social science until ________ began to treat household labor as work that has economic value.

Back 9

feminist theories

Front 10

The ________ perspective argues that humans' evolutionary biology affects much of human behavior and, more specifically, many family - related behaviors.

Back 10

biosocial

Front 11

Random assignment of research participants to Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3 would suggest that the investigators are using which technique?

Back 11

Experiment

Front 12

Collecting data over a period of years using documented materials would reflect a(n)

Back 12

longitudinal study

Front 13

The text points out that, as the proportion of children declines,

Back 13

neighborhoods are less likely to contain children.

Front 14

According to the text's discussion of social class differences among marriages,

Back 14

working-class couples tend to emphasize values associated with parenthood and job stability and may be more traditional in gender role ideology.

Front 15

The cultural _______ approach emphasizes those features that racial / ethnic minority families have in common with mainstream white families.

Back 15

equivalent

Front 16

Of any other racial / ethnic group, a higher proportion of _________ children live in poverty.

Back 16

black

Front 17

Latino families may be ________, those in which some family members are American citizens or legal residents, while others are undocumented.

Back 17

binational

Front 18

Most immigrant family tax dollars go to _________ government.

Back 18

the federal

Front 19

Among American Indians,

Back 19

more couples cohabitate and less couples marry than the U.S. average.

Front 20

In comparison with Protestants, Catholics tend to be more _________ in their worldview.

Back 20

communal

Front 21

Which of the following is NOT an example given by the text of women in nontraditional roles?

Back 21

housewife

Front 22

Consider the statement: "Due to social pressures, firms frequently have to hire underqualified women." This illustrates __________ sexism.

Back 22

modern

Front 23

"Chromosomes, hormones, the internal sex structures, the gonads and the external genitalia all vary more than most people realize." This statement complements a discussion of which of the following?

Back 23

intersexuality

Front 24

In the 1950's, when intersex babies were first studied, they were then called

Back 24

hermaphrodites

Front 25

During the 1980's, a new cultural message about men emerged. According to this message, the "__________" male or "new man" is emotionally sensitive and expressive, valuing tenderness and equal relationships with women.

Back 25

liberated

Front 26

In recent decades, the earnings gap between men and women

Back 26

narrowed some.

Front 27

The process by which society influences members to internalize attitudes and expectations is called

Back 27

socialization.

Front 28

In Kimmel's typology of camps within the men's movement, which group emerged in the 1990's and tends not to focus on patriarchy as problematic?

Back 28

masculinists

Front 29

The text defines love as

Back 29

a deep and vital emotion that satisfies needs; cares and accepts the beloved, and results in an intimate relationship.

Front 30

Julie is extremely concerned about her self-image and how she appears to others, without regard tot he well-being of others. Julie's behavior illustrates

Back 30

narcissism

Front 31

According to the __________ theoretical perspective on human sexuality, women and men are seen as being influenced by cultural messages about how we are to be sexual.

Back 31

interactionist

Front 32

Research shows some support for the __________ hypothesis - that is, that familiarity reduces the reward power of a sexual encounter with a spouse or partner compared to a new relationship.

Back 32

habituation

Front 33

In the NORC survey discussed in the text, the average frequency of sex for sexually active, married respondents under age 60 was _______ per month.

Back 33

7 times

Front 34

What is the key function of marriage for most Americans?

Back 34

love and ongoing emotional support

Front 35

Those who view individualized marriage as __________ assert that our culture's unchecked individualism has cause widespread moral weakening and self-indulgence.

Back 35

family decline

Front 36

Louisiana, Arizona and Arkansas became the first states to

Back 36

enact a covenant marriage law

Front 37

Today, approximately __________ million U.S. heterosexual couples cohabit.

Back 37

5.5

Front 38

In 2003, of the 700,000 same-sex households in the United States, were there more gay-male couples or lesbian couples?

Back 38

about evenly divided

Front 39

__________ is associated with a host of marital difficulties including infidelity, divorce, violence, and conflict.

Back 39

Heavy or risky drinking, and other forms of substance abuse

Front 40

Jane is seeking to improve her economic status by marrying a man who earns a great deal of money. Her marital behavior illustrates

Back 40

hypergamy.

Front 41

Sociologist Robert Davis believes that black men are inclined to see white women as

Back 41

"the prize."

Front 42

The text points out that ___________ is closely related to the concept of date rape.

Back 42

sexual coercion

Front 43

On average, American women are now having around ___________ children each.

Back 43

2

Front 44

In 2005 in the US, all of these were higher rates in the past EXCEPT:

Back 44

teen pregnancy rates

Front 45

Nonmarital birth rates of ________ women are highest of any racial / ethnic group.

Back 45

Hispanic

Front 46

During the 1990's declines in the teen birth rate were especially large for ______ women.

Back 46

black

Front 47

Racial / ethnic stereotyping often gives us an exaggerated, negative image of ________________ as parents.

Back 47

African Americans and Latinos

Front 48

The correlation between interparental conflict and behavior problems in children held true regardless of whether the parents were

Back 48

married or divorced

Front 49

What was formerly known as Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) is now a federal aid program called

Back 49

Temporary Assistance for Needed Families

Front 50

It is estimated that ____________ children under age eighteen are living in a grandparent's household.

Back 50

more than 3.6 million