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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is positivism?
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the application of the scientific approach to the social world
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Class conflict, bourgeoisie and proletariat. Who originally coined these terms?
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Marx
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According to Marx, what is class conflict?
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struggle between capitalists and workers
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Social integration AKA
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social cohesion
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What does "Value free" mean?
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the view that a sociologist's personal values or biases should not influence social research
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What is objectivity?
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valuing neutrality in research
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What is Verstehen?
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a German word used by Weber that is perhaps best understood as "to have insight into someone's situation"
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What are subjective meanings?
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the meanings that people give their own behavior
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What are social facts?
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Durkheim's term for a group's patterns of behaviors
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What is basic (or pure) sociology?
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sociological research for the purpose of making discoveries about life in human groups, not for making changes in those groups
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What is applied sociology?
micro/macro? |
using sociology to solve problems
micro- family relationships macro- global pollution |
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What is symbolic interactionism?
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a theoretical perspective in which society is viewed as composed of symbols that people use to establish meaning, develop views of the world and communicate with one another
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What is the functional analysis?
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a theoretical framework in which society is viewed as composed of various parts, each with a function that, when fulfilled, contributes to society's equilibrium
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Functional analysis AKA... (2)
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functionalism and structural functionalism
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What is the conflict theory?
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a theoretical framework in which society is viewed as composed of groups that are competing for scarce resources
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What is public sociology?
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sociology being used for the public good
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Nonmaterial culture AKA...
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symbolic culture
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What is ethnocentrism?
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the use of one's own culture as a yardstick for judging the ways of other individuals or societies, generally leading to a negative evaluation of their values, norms and behaviors
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What is cultural relativism?
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not judging a culture but trying to understand it on its own terms
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What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?
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Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf's hypothesis that language creates ways of thinking and perceiving
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What is a pluralistic society?
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a society made up of many different groups, with contrasting values and orientations to life
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What is cultural universal?
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a value, norm, or other cultural trait that is found in every group
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What is sociobiology?
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a framework of thought that views human behavior as the result of natural selection and considers biological factors to be the fundamental cause of human behavior
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What is cultural lag?
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Ogburn's term for human behavior lagging behind technological innovations
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What are feral children?
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children assumed to be raised by animals, in the wilderness, isolated from humans
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What is the self?
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the unique human capacity of being able to see ourselves "from the outside"
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What is the looking glass self? Who?
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-Charles Horton Cooley
refers to process by which our self develops through internalizing others' reactions to us |
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What is the Id? Who?
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Freud's term for our inborn basic drives
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What is ego? Who?
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Freud's term for a balancing force between the id and the demands of society
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What is the superego? Who?
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Freud's term for the conscience, the internalized norms and values of our social groups
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agents of socialization
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individuals or groups that affect our self-concept, attitudes, behaviors or other orientations toward life
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manifest functions
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the intended beneficial consequences of people's actions
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latent functions
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unintended beneficial consequences of people's actions
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anticipatory socialization
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the process of learning in advance an anticipated future role or status
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re-socialization
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the process of learning new norms, values, attitudes and behaviors
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degradation ceremony, who?
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-Harold Garfinkel
refers to a ritual whose goal is to strip away someone's position |
