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82 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Marxist Feminist perspectives on family |
Margaret Benston Fran Ansley David Cooper Diana Feeley Critique: Morgan-do not regard possible variatiojs in family life between social classes, ethnic.. |
Diana Feeley-socialises young to accept their places in clasd stratified society |
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Reason for increased divorce rate |
High expectation-Ronald Fletcher Declining stigma-Juliet Mitchell State support-Ellis Cashmore* Single by choice-Jean Renvoize* |
Ellis Cashmore: some working class mother chose to live on welfare benefit without partner-abused Jean-Professional women-able to support without fathers involvement |
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Radical feminist |
Delphy and Leonard Germain Greer Kate Millett Diana Gittens
Critique: weeping generalization about position of women |
Family as econ sys Exploitation of women as wives daugjter mother |
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Kate Millett |
Family characteried by patriarchy Root of womens oppression, should be abolished Separatism |
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Diana Gittens |
Age patriarchy |
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Difference feminist :No weeping generalization |
Linda Nicholson -all family-accepted Cheshire Calhoun -Homosexual family-outlaws -not family itself that lead to exploitation-but family life within patriarchal society |
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Liberal feminist |
Jennifer sommerville |
Freedom of choice Greater equality Heterosexual attraction: need fot adult companionship* segregation matrifocal by Germaine Greer Pluralism |
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Childhood historical |
Phillipe Aries Edward Shorter Pollock-criticise Aries |
Pollock: more correct to say Middle Ages-different notion of childhood than today |
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Childhood-cross cultural |
Benedict Punch Firth |
Benedict-non industrial vs western Punch-Bolivia-5years old-work responsibility -less value on obedience Firth-Tikopia |
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Peter Stein |
People opting for creative singlehood-deliberate |
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Tamara Hareven |
Extended family fits todays society Extended migrant in America in 19 century-support-find work |
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Margaret Benston |
Labour Physical emotionsl fitness Reserve army of labour |
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Andre Bejin |
Cohabitation as permanant alternatives to traditional marriage More personally negotiated, equal relationship than conventional patriarchal family |
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Functions of family-Donald Fletcher |
Procreation and child rearing Regulation of sexual behavior Provison of home |
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Childhood-modern notion |
Pilcher Cunningham Wagg |
Cunningham-opposite to adults, right to happiness Wagg-no universal childhood |
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Patriarchy |
System of subordination and domination in which men exercise power over women |
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Hakim |
Criticise feminism Fails to consider the fact tbat female kight be exercising rational choices ij choosing domestic roles |
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Jennifer somerville |
Separatism unlikely to work Heterosexual attraction |
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Critism of feminism |
Fail to account for recent economic and social changes Postnodernism-ignore possibility that we have some choice in creating family relationships Different feminist-assuming all women share same experience |
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Social policy-functionalism Ronald fletcher |
Welfare state supports family in performing its functions National Health Service |
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Social policy-New right |
Undermining family Weaken self reliance by providing generous benefits (council housing for unmarried teen mother) State attacked traditional family values by introducing social policy (legalisation of abortion and making contraceptive pill available on NHS) divorce reform act undermined commitment to marriage |
Criticised by Allan-tax and welfare sys have favoured heterosexual married couples |
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Charles murray |
Perverse incentives-reward irresponsible behavior |
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Critism-new rights view |
Feminist-justify a return to thr traditional patriarchal family that subordinated women to men |
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Social policy feminists |
Reinforced patriatchal ideas Assume that man are the main wage earner and wives ate dependants-difficult to claim benefits in their own right-reinforce dependence on husbanfs |
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Diana leonard |
Maternity leave |
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Social policy-marxism |
State pension
Improvements only been won through class struggle to extract concessions from capitalist ruling classf |
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social policy-Jacque Donzelot |
A form of state power over families Social worker, doctors use their knowledge to control family Critism-fail to identify who benefit from state benefits |
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Family diversity-undesirable |
Functionalism New right Robert Chester |
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Robert chester |
Diversity exaggerated
Neo conventional family
Lifestyle rather than peoplr choosing alternative
Nuclear dominant |
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Diversity desirsble |
David morgan David cheal Anthony gidden Judith stace Jeffrey weeks |
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David morgan |
Diversity-in response to family becoming more fragmented Family practices-sense of being member Family as what peple do than a concrete structure |
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David cheal |
More choices Family plurality |
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Anthony Gidden |
More equality Free to define their relationship themselves rsther than acting out role that have been defined in advance by law or tradition |
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Judith stacey |
Changes in position of women Main agent of change-reject roles Divorce extended *shape depends upon active choices people make about how to live their lives |
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Jeffrey Weeks |
Long term shift in attitudes towards sexual and family diversity friendship as kinship Chosen family-offer same security and stability as heterosexual families |
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Symmetrical conjugal roles |
Willmott and young Burghes and beck Sullivan |
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Segregated conjugal role |
Ann oakley-criticise Willmott n Young Ferri and smith-more common-women childcare regardless of women in workforce Elston Hardill-professional decision making
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Burghes and beck |
Active involvement in the emotional side of bring up children |
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Negotiated family-Beck |
Do not conform to traditional family norm, who does what domestic work varies according to the wishes and expectations of their members |
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Changes in law-divorce |
Equalizing the ground Widening thr ground for divorce to irretrivable breakdown-divorce easier Making divorce cheaper (legal aid) |
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Declining stigma attached to divorce More acceptable Willing to resort to divorce |
Juliet mitchell Jack goody |
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Allan and crow-same sex |
The need to negotiate-absense of legal framework Same sex relationshio more flexible but less stable than heterosexual |
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Neil postman |
Disappearing childhood Print culture replaced by television culture Distinction between childhood and adulthood blurred by tv by destroying information hierarchy Ignorance and innocent--knowledge and cynicism |
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Social contruction of old age Peter townsend |
S contructed as period of dependency Statutory retirement age |
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Chapman |
Gender role socialization Girls-housework Boys-breadwinner role |
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Marxist criticise func view of primary socialization of children |
Primary socialization reproduces class inequality Parents are enrouraged to teach their children that the main route to happiness is consumerism |
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Social policy Patricia Morgan |
Gov anti marriage |
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Rapoport-class diversity |
Difference between working class and middle class families in the roles of husband and wives and how children are socialised |
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Homosexual-desirable Dunne |
Tolerant-equality and sharing as important feature |
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Post modernism Beck and Beck Gernsheim |
Choice and diversity have led to renegotiation of family relationships as people attempt to find a middle ground between individualisation anf commitment
Divorce rate-product of rapidly changing world-traditions of love, romance and relationships no longer apply |
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Divorce, declining marriage New right |
Crisis in family which will led to anti social behaviour and moral breakdown |
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Divorce Feminist', post modernism |
Rejection of patriarchal family arrangement |
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Marriage British social attitudes survey |
Most people still see marriage as a desirable life goal |
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Wilkinson |
Young female no longer prioritise marriage and children leading to genderquake |
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Marital breakdown Hart |
Frustration of housework Tension of taking breadwinner role |
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Marital breakdown |
Thorne and collard-high expectation
Hart-2 reasons
Beck and beck gernsheim-traditions of love no longer apply
Bittman and pixley-inequality and distribution of childcare and housework |
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One parent family Feminist view |
Familial ideology causes problems for one parent family -negatively labelled -scapegoated for crime and educational underachievement |
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Singlehood Sharpe |
1970 girls concerned with love, marriage, children 1990 interested in jobs and career |
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Power ane control in family Feminism |
Influence of patriarchal ideology on the perceptions of both husband and wives led women to accpet primary responsibility to housework and childcare without question |
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Childhood Pugh |
Parental spending on children ' consumption as compensation' |
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Cross cultural differences in childhood |
Childhood experiences differ between social religioud and cultiral groups Muslim,hindu,sikh children have greater sense of obligation to their parent than white children |
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Class idfferences in childhood |
Upper clasd spend formative years in boarding school Middle class-aim for professional career Lower clasd-difficult experience |
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William Goode |
Agreed with parsons view Breakdown of extended family die to: 1 industralization 2 nuclear family still the ideal 3 role bargaining in maintaining tje extended family only if the benefits outweigh the costs |
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Social change Parsons |
Pre industrial families based on extended kinship and were multifunctional.
After structuaral differentiation where specialized agencies took over many functions of pre industrial family
Nuclear family left with two irreducible functions
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Opposed by Peter Laslett
Only 10% pre industrial family contained extended kins |
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Diversification Graham Allan and Graham Croe |
Continuing trend towards diversification of family types No longer clear family cycle through which most people pass Increased choice-able to exercise choice and personal volition over domestic and familial arrangement No longer constrained by economic need |
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Janet finch |
The need to interpret the meanings different ind bestow on family life |
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Fitzgerald Support homosexuality |
Children raised by homosexual couple have no different to those raised by heterosexual What matter is the relationship between child and parents and not their sexuality |
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Childhood Social construction |
Seen as social intervention rather than as a fixed experience for all children |
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Edgell |
Wives deferrer to their husband in decision making about important issues |
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Conjugal roles Position of women in family Barrett |
Patriarchal ideology expects women to take only jobs which are compatible with family commitments Women are often made to feel guilty about working because they subscribe to the idea that it somewhat damage their children |
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Inequality and divorce |
althought inequality may be responsible for rise in divorce, many women often accpet this inequality without question because they too have been socialosed by patriarchal ideology into seeing such inequality as natural and normal |
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Margaret O Brien and Deborah Jones Families in east london |
Increase in marital breakdown, rise in dual earner household Kin contact and association |
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Rosser and Harris Families in swansea |
Extended and kinship networls in contact by visits and letters Transnational kinship networks among bangladeshi community |
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cheshire calhoun |
Not family itself that leads to exploitation of women but family life within patriarchal heterosexual marriage |
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Power control Stanko |
One incident of domestic violence reported by women to police every minutes in uk |
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Cunningham |
19tj century sae the s construction of childhood with 3 characteristes Opposite of adulthood Adult world and child world were kept separated Right to happiness |
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Gubrium and Holstein |
Family is ideological. It is as much idea as thing |
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Steel and kidd |
Referring to parsons theory Emotional support and security act as safety valve -prevent stress, social stability |
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Conclusion-family diversity |
Family will continue to ecist (sense of belonging, emotional valve) in various types, depending on social and economic structure Family as dynamic structure, definition of family need to be reconsidered |
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conjugal role McKee and Bell |
Unemployed men found it degrading to do housework and to be kept by employed wife |
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Conjugal role Technology Sclater |
Technogy increased burden for women Raised household standard for clealiness although they are advertised to make life easier |
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Child benefit policy |
Payment given to mother-reinforce the view thst women should spent prime responsibikity on childcare |
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